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Love your workouts again.
Even leg day.
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All-In-One Performance
Balanced formulation that enhances every type of workout—strength, cardio, HIIT, and endurance.
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Smooth Energy, No Jitters, No Crash
1:1 caffeine and L-theanine ratio for sustained energy, mood, and focus throughout your 1-2 hour training session and beyond.
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The Daily Driver
Can be used daily without cycling off or tolerance buildup, unlike high-stimulant pre-workouts that become ineffective or even harmful over time.
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Mixes Perfectly, Sits Lightly
Premium and highly soluble ingredients that mix easily and are gentle on your stomach.
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Guaranteed Purity & Potency
Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected facilities.
Legion Pulse Ingredients (15.1 grams per serving)
Caffeine (350 milligrams per serving)
Caffeine is a naturally occurring substance found in many plants native to Africa, East Asia, and South America, including various kinds of tea, cocoa, and coffee.
Caffeine’s primary effects in the body are to stimulate the central nervous system and block the activity of another chemical—adenosine—that causes tiredness.
Research shows that supplementation with caffeine . . .
- Boosts mood and energy levels[10]
- Improves focus, drive, and wakefulness[11][12][13]
- Increases metabolic rate[14]
- Enhances strength and power[15][16][17][18][19]
- Boosts endurance[20][21][22]
- Improves anaerobic performance[23][24][25][26][27]
The clinically effective dose of caffeine for enhancing energy, focus, and performance is between 1 and 6 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.[28][29][30]
L-Theanine (350 milligrams per serving)
L-theanine is an amino acid found primarily in tea that helps balance the levels of two chemicals in the brain—glutamate and GABA—that transmit nerve impulses and affect mood, cognitive performance, and more.
Research shows that supplementation with L-theanine . . .
- Reduces the effects of mental stress[31]
- Promotes relaxation[32]
- Improves mood, memory performance, and attention (when paired with caffeine)[33][34][35][36]
- Increases the production of nitric oxide (which improves blood flow)[37]
The clinically effective dose of L-theanine when combined with caffeine is between a ratio of 1:1 and 2:1 theanine to caffeine.
Citrulline Malate (8 grams per serving)
Citrulline malate is the amino acid L-citrulline bound with malic acid, a substance found in many fruits that is involved in the creation of cellular energy.
L-citrulline turns into another amino acid in the body known as L-arginine, which increases the production of a gas known as nitric oxide that widens blood vessels and improves blood flow.[38][39]
This is why research shows that supplementation with citrulline malate . . .
- Improves muscle endurance[40][41][42]
- Relieves muscle soreness[43]
- Improves aerobic performance[44][45]
The clinically effective dose of citrulline malate is between 4 and 10 grams.
Beta-Alanine (3.6 grams per serving)
Beta-alanine is a naturally occurring amino acid that regulates the amount of the molecule carnosine that can be stored in the muscles.[46]
Carnosine reduces muscle acidity, which increases the amount of work that muscles can do before they become fatigued.[47]
This is why research shows that supplementation with beta-alanine . . .
- Reduces exercise-induced fatigue[48][49][50][51]
- Improves anaerobic exercise capacity[52][53][54][55][56]
- Increases potential workload, which can lead to an increase in lean mass[57][58]
- Reduces feelings of fatigue during exercise[59][60][61]
The clinically effective dose of beta-alanine is between 2.6 and 6.4 grams.
We chose to include 3.6 grams of beta-alanine per serving because it provides significant performance benefits while also minimizing the common and harmless side effect of a mild prickling, itching, or tingling of the skin.[62]
Alpha-GPC (300 milligrams per serving)
Alpha-glycerophosphocholine (also known as alpha-GPC and glycerophosphocholine) is a compound that contains two molecules known as choline and glycerophosphate.
Choline is a nutrient that’s vital for brain health and function, and glycerophosphate is a substance that helps transport choline to the brain.
When ingested, alpha-GPC increases the activity of a chemical in the brain known as acetylcholine, which is used by nerves to communicate with each other, and provides the brain with glycerophosphate, which can improve its health and function.
This is why research shows that supplementation with alpha-GPC . . .
- Increases power output[63]
- Mitigates cognitive decline as we age[64]
- Increases growth hormone levels[65]
The clinically effective dose of alpha-GPC is between 150 and 1,200 milligrams, with 250 to 500 milligrams sufficient for cognitive benefits.[66]
We chose to include 300 milligrams of alpha-GPC (50%) per serving because it’s enough to provide some benefit without eating up too much budget that we’d rather spend on other ingredients.
Furthermore, this dose reduces the likelihood of headaches in people who are using Pulse and Forge together, and especially in people who are using Pulse, Forge, and Ascend together.
Betaine (2.5 grams per serving)
Betaine (also known as trimethylglycine) is an amino acid found in various foods like beets (hence the name), spinach, and quinoa.
Betaine’s rich in a special molecule known as a methyl group, which is a vital component of many physiological functions, including DNA production, fat metabolism, cellular energy production, and more.
Betaine’s also an osmolyte, which is a substance that helps balance fluid levels inside and outside cells.
These two properties are beneficial during times of physical stress, and this is why studies show that betaine boosts muscle endurance and increases strength.[67][68]
The clinically effective dose of betaine is between 1.25 and 2.5 grams.
Naturally Sweetened and Flavored
While artificial sweeteners may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of these chemicals may indeed be harmful to our health.[69][70][71][72][73][74]
That’s why we use natural sweeteners like stevia, erythritol, and monk fruit instead. Research shows that these ingredients are not only safe but can also confer several health benefits, including better nutrient absorption, healthy cholesterol and inflammation levels, and more.[75][76][77][78]
No Artificial Food Dyes, Fillers, or Other Unnecessary Junk
As with artificial sweeteners, studies show that artificial food dyes and fillers can cause negative effects in some people, including gastrointestinal toxicity and behavioral disorders.[79][80][81][82][83]
That’s why we use natural coloring and flavoring derived from fruits and other foods as well as naturally derived ingredients for improving texture, enhancing shelf life, and facilitating the manufacturing process.
Third-Party Lab Tested by Labdoor™
Pulse is lab-tested for purity and accuracy and independently certified by Labdoor™ to meet or exceed FDA safety guidelines.[84]
Made in the USA with Globally Sourced Ingredients
If you want to ensure the supplements you’re swallowing every day are safe and effective, you want to buy from a company that:
- Sources ingredients from premium suppliers around the world (great supplements require great raw materials)
- Tests all products for purity and accuracy in accredited laboratories (to conclusively verify safety and efficacy)
- Manufactures in America, which has some of the strictest regulations in the world
And that’s exactly what we do here at Legion.
See how Legion Pulse pre-workout compares to the rest.
- Active Ingredients
- Clinically Effective Ingredients and Doses
- Caffeine
- Citrulline Malate
- Beta-Alanine
- Betaine
- L-Theanine
- Alpha-GPC
- Naturally Sweetened
& Flavored - Third-Party Lab Tested by Labdoor™
- Labdoor™ Ranking
- Price Per Serving
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Legion Pulse
Pre-Workout
- 15,100 mg
per serving 
- 350 mg
per serving - 8,000 mg
per serving - 3,600 mg
per serving - 2,500 mg
per serving - 350 mg
per serving - 300 mg
per serving - A
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Pre JYM
Pre-Workout
- 20,955 mg
per serving 
- 300 mg
per serving - 6,000 mg
per serving - 2,000 mg
per serving - 1,500 mg
per serving - 150 mg
per serving - $1.66
-
PEScience
Prolific Pre-Workout
- 10,870 mg
per serving - 320 mg
per seving - 6,000 mg
per serving - 2,500 mg
per serving - 200 mg
per serving - $1.99
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C4 Original
Pre-Workout
- 4,705 mg
pre serving - 200 mg
per serving - 1,200 mg
per serving - 2,000 mg
per serving - $1.16
The #1 brand of naturally sweetened and flavored sports supplements.
We’ve sold over 5 million bags and bottles to over 1 million customers in 169 countries who have left us over 55,000 5-star reviews.
Clinically Effective Ingredients and Doses
Every active ingredient, form, and dose in Pulse is backed by peer-reviewed scientific research demonstrating clear benefits in healthy humans.
Total Label Transparency
We clearly list the dose of each ingredient on our Pulse label—no proprietary blends or hidden ingredients—so you can verify our formulation’s validity and effectiveness.
Third-Party Lab Tested by Labdoor™
Pulse is lab-tested for purity and accuracy and independently certified by Labdoor™ to meet or exceed FDA safety guidelines.
Naturally Sweetened and Flavored
Pulse is naturally sweetened with stevia and erythritol and naturally flavored with extracts from fruit, vegetables, plants and other foods.
Made in the USA
Pulse is made in America with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified, FDA-inspected facilities that adhere to Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) standards.
100% Money-Back Guarantee
If you don't absolutely love Pulse, you get a prompt and courteous refund. No forms or returns necessary.
Trusted by scientists, doctors, and everyday fitness folk alike.
Previous
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I use Pulse?
How does Pulse compare to other popular pre-workouts?
What type of workouts is Pulse good for?
Is Pulse pre-workout for men and women?
Pulse is too sweet/strong tasting for me. What should I do?
How many servings of Pulse can I take in one day?
Does Pulse have any side effects?
What does the Prop65 warning on the labels mean?
Is Pulse gluten-free?
Is Pulse vegetarian or vegan?
+References
While artificial sweeteners may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of these chemicals may indeed be harmful to our health.
That's why we use natural sweeteners like stevia, allulose, and monk fruit instead, which are scientifically shown to be safe and can confer several health benefits, including weight management, antioxidant activity, digestive health, and more. ↑
467 peer-reviewed scientific studies support Pulse’s ingredients and doses. That’s 3,736 pages of scientific research that shows Pulse works the way we say it does.↑
Pulse contains the exact ingredients, forms, and doses used in peer-reviewed scientific research demonstrating clear benefits in healthy humans.↑
View Supplement Facts↑
Many supplement ingredients lack scientific validation in humans—we aren't large rodents, after all.
And even when ingredients have proven benefits, they're often used in doses too small to be effective.
That's why we exclusively use ingredients and doses shown to work in peer-reviewed scientific studies on healthy men and women.↑
Pulse contains an equal amount of caffeine and L-theanine (350 milligrams of each).
This 1:1 ratio provides a focused, balanced boost in energy and performance without overwhelming stimulant effects or the negative side effects associated with higher-stim pre-workouts.↑
While artificial sweeteners, food dyes, and fillers may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of these chemicals may indeed be harmful to our health.
That’s why we use naturally derived alternatives instead like stevia, allulose, monk fruit, and fruit extracts.↑
That's 3,736 pages of scientific research that shows Pulse works the way we say it does.↑
Did you know that some supplements contain dangerously high levels of toxins like lead, arsenic, and cadmium?
That’s why we rigorously test every batch and guarantee our products provide exactly what the labels claim—and nothing else.
With Legion, you can be certain that what you're putting into your body is truly safe and effective.
↑
Many supplement ingredients lack scientific validation in humans—we aren't large rodents, after all.
And even when ingredients have proven benefits, they're often used in doses too small to be effective.
That's why we exclusively use ingredients and doses shown to work in peer-reviewed scientific studies on healthy men and women.↑
Labdoor™ is a leader in independent analysis of supplements to assess their quality and safety.
They directly and anonymously purchase products from retail channels, utilize FDA-registered laboratories to rigorously test for label accuracy and purity, and then transparently publish these comprehensive results and certifications for consumer scrutiny.↑
While artificial sweeteners, food dyes, and fillers may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of these chemicals may indeed be harmful to our health.
That’s why we use naturally derived alternatives instead like stevia, allulose, monk fruit, and fruit extracts.↑
Did you know that some supplements contain dangerously high levels of toxins like lead, arsenic, and cadmium?
That’s why we rigorously test every batch and guarantee our products provide exactly what the labels claim—and nothing else.
With Legion, you can be certain that what you're putting into your body is truly safe and effective.
↑
Labdoor™ is a leader in independent analysis of supplements to assess their quality and safety.
They directly and anonymously purchase products from retail channels, utilize FDA-registered laboratories to rigorously test for label accuracy and purity, and then transparently publish these comprehensive results and certifications for consumer scrutiny.↑
Exercise and sport performance with low doses of caffeine.
Spriet LL. Sports Med. 2014;44 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S175-S184. doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8. ↑
A review of caffeine's effects on cognitive, physical and occupational performance.
McLellan TM, Caldwell JA, Lieberman HR. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016;71:294-312. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.001. ↑
Caffeine to optimize cognitive function for military mission-readiness: a systematic review and recommendations for the field.
Crawford C, Teo L, Lafferty L, et al. Nutr Rev. 2017;75(suppl_2):17-35. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nux007. ↑
Caffeine improves reaction time, vigilance and logical reasoning during extended periods with restricted opportunities for sleep.
Kamimori GH, McLellan TM, Tate CM, Voss DM, Niro P, Lieberman HR. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2015;232(12):2031-2042. doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3834-5. ↑
Caffeine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of its thermogenic, metabolic, and cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteers.
Astrup A, Toubro S, Cannon S, Hein P, Breum L, Madsen J. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51(5):759-767. doi:10.1093/ajcn/51.5.759. ↑
The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic capabilities.
Beck TW, Housh TJ, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO, Housh DJ, Coburn JW, Malek MH. Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Aug;20(3):506-10. ↑
Effect of caffeine ingestion on muscular strength and endurance: a meta-analysis.
Warren GL, Park ND, Maresca RD, McKibans KI, Millard-Stafford ML. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(7):1375-1387. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181cabbd8.↑
The effects of caffeine ingestion on isokinetic muscular strength: A meta-analysis.
Grgic J, Pickering C. J Sci Med Sport. 2019;22(3):353-360. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.08.016.↑
Effects of caffeine intake on muscle strength and power: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Grgic J, Trexler ET, Lazinica B, Pedisic Z. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15:11. Published 2018 Mar 5. doi:10.1186/s12970-018-0216-0.↑
Caffeine ingestion enhances Wingate performance: a meta-analysis.
Grgic J. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018;18(2):219-225. doi:10.1080/17461391.2017.1394371.↑
The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic capabilities.
Beck TW, Housh TJ, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO, Housh DJ, Coburn JW, Malek MH. Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Aug;20(3):506-10. ↑
Effect of caffeine ingestion on muscular strength and endurance: a meta-analysis.
Warren GL, Park ND, Maresca RD, McKibans KI, Millard-Stafford ML. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(7):1375-1387. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181cabbd8.↑
Acute effect of caffeine consumption on isotonic muscular strength and endurance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Polito MD, Souza DB, Casonatto J, Farinatti P. Sci Sports. 2016;31(3):119-128. doi:10.1016/J.SCISPO.2016.01.006.↑
The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic capabilities.
Beck TW, Housh TJ, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO, Housh DJ, Coburn JW, Malek MH. Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Aug;20(3):506-10. ↑
Effect of caffeine on sport-specific endurance performance: a systematic review.
Ganio MS, Klau JF, Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Maresh CM. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(1):315-324. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818b979a.↑
Establishing a relationship between the effect of caffeine and duration of endurance athletic time trial events: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Shen JG, Brooks MB, Cincotta J, Manjourides JD. J Sci Med Sport. 2019;22(2):232-238. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.07.022.↑
The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Southward K, Rutherfurd-Markwick KJ, Ali A. [published correction appears in Sports Med. 2018 Aug 9;:]. Sports Med. 2018;48(8):1913-1928. doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0939-8.↑
The effects of different doses of caffeine on endurance cycling time trial performance.
Desbrow B, Biddulph C, Devlin B, Grant GD, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Leveritt MD. J Sports Sci. 2012;30(2):115-120. doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.632431.↑
Effect of caffeine on sport-specific endurance performance: a systematic review.
Ganio MS, Klau JF, Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Maresh CM. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(1):315-324. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818b979a.↑
A review of caffeine’s effects on cognitive, physical and occupational performance.
McLellan TM, Caldwell JA, Lieberman HR. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016;71:294-312. doi:10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2016.09.001. ↑
International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance.
Guest NS, VanDusseldorp TA, Nelson MT, et al. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021;18(1). doi:10.1186/S12970-020-00383-4. ↑
L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses.
Kimura K, Ozeki M, Juneja LR, Ohira H. Biol Psychol. 2007;74(1):39-45. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.006.↑
In Search of a Safe Natural Sleep Aid.
Rao TP, Ozeki M, Juneja LR. J Am Coll Nutr. 2015;34(5):436-447. doi:10.1080/07315724.2014.926153.↑
Psychological effects of dietary components of tea: caffeine and L-theanine.
Bryan J. School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, South Australia, Australia. Nutr Rev. 2008 Feb;66(2):82-90. ↑
L-theanine and caffeine improve task switching but not intersensory attention or subjective alertness.
Einöther SJ, Martens VE, Rycroft JA, De Bruin EA. Sensation, Perception & Behaviour, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands. Appetite. 2010 Apr;54(2):406-9. ↑
The effects of L-theanine on alpha-band oscillatory brain activity during a visuo-spatial attention task.
Gomez-Ramirez M, Kelly SP, Montesi JL, Foxe JJ. Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA. Brain Topogr. 2009 Jun;22(1):44-51. ↑
l-Theanine and caffeine improve target-specific attention to visual stimuli by decreasing mind wandering: a human functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
Kahathuduwa CN, Dhanasekara CS, Chin S-H, et al. Nutr Res. 2018;49:67-78. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.11.002.↑
L-theanine promotes nitric oxide production in endothelial cells through eNOS phosphorylation.
Siamwala JH, Dias PM, Majumder S, Joshi MK, Sinkar VP, Banerjee G, Chatterjee S. Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chennai, India. J Nutr Biochem. 2013 Mar;24(3):595-605. ↑
Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function (Articulo de revision).
Förstermann U, Sessa WC. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(7):829-837, 837a-837d. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr304.↑
Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS.
Zhao Y, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. J Pharmacol Sci. 2015;129(2):83-94. doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2015.09.002.↑
Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.
Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Department of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1215-22. ↑
Acute citrulline malate supplementation improves upper- and lower-body submaximal weightlifting exercise performance in resistance-trained females.
Glenn JM, Gray M, Wethington LN, Stone MS, Stewart RW, Moyen NE. Eur J Nutr. 2017;56(2):775-784. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1124-6.↑
Acute citrulline-malate supplementation improves maximal strength and anaerobic power in female, masters athletes tennis players.
Glenn JM, Gray M, Jensen A, Stone MS, Vincenzo JL. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016;16(8):1095-1103. doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1158321.↑
Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.
Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Department of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1215-22. ↑
Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle.
Bendahan D, Mattei JP, Ghattas B, Confort-Gouny S, Le Guern ME, Cozzone PJ. Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, France. Br J Sports Med. 2002 Aug;36(4):282-9. ↑
Oral L-citrulline supplementation enhances cycling time trial performance in healthy trained men: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled 2-way crossover study.
Suzuki T, Morita M, Kobayashi Y, Kamimura A. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016;13:6. doi:10.1186/s12970-016-0117-z.↑
Influence of oral beta-alanine and L-histidine supplementation on the carnosine content of the gluteus medius.
Dunnett M, Harris RC. Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK. Equine Vet J Suppl. 1999 Jul;(30):499-504. ↑
The biological role of carnosine and its possible applications in medicine.
Budzeń S, Rymaszewska J. Adv Clin Exp Med. 22(5):739-744.↑
beta-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters.
Derave W, Ozdemir MS, Harris RC, Pottier A, Reyngoudt H, Koppo K, Wise JA, Achten E. Dept. of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent Univ, Belgium. J Appl Physiol. 2007 Nov;103(5):1736-43. ↑
Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women.
Stout JR, Cramer JT, Zoeller RF, Torok D, Costa P, Hoffman JR, Harris RC, O'Kroy J. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. Amino Acids. 2007;32(3):381-6. ↑
The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): a double-blind randomized study.
Stout JR, Graves BS, Smith AE, Hartman MJ, Cramer JT, Beck TW, Harris RC. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008 Nov 7;5:21. ↑
Short-duration beta-alanine supplementation increases training volume and reduces subjective feelings of fatigue in college football players.
Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Ross R, Kang J, Stout JR, Wise JA. Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA. Nutr Res. 2008 Jan;28(1):31-5. ↑
Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity.
Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, Harris BD, Sale C, Boobis LH, Kim CK, Wise JA. School of Sports, Exercise & Health Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):225-33. ↑
Effect of β-alanine plus sodium bicarbonate on high-intensity cycling capacity.
Sale C, Saunders B, Hudson S, Wise JA, Harris RC, Sunderland CD. Biomedical, Life and Health Sciences Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Oct;43(10):1972-8. ↑
Six weeks of high-intensity interval training with and without beta-alanine supplementation for improving cardiovascular fitness in women.
Walter AA, Smith AE, Kendall KL, Stout JR, Cramer JT. Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1199-207. ↑
Effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial.
Smith AE, Walter AA, Graef JL, Kendall KL, Moon JR, Lockwood CM, Fukuda DH, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JR. Metabolic and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009 Feb 11;6:5. ↑
Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis.
Hobson RM, Saunders B, Ball G, Harris RC, Sale C. Biomedical, Life and Health Sciences Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK. Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):25-37. ↑
Effects of β-alanine supplementation on performance and body composition in collegiate wrestlers and football players.
Kern BD, Robinson TL. Human Performance and Physical Education Department, Adams State College, Alamosa, Colorado, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Jul;25(7):1804-15. ↑
Effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial.
Smith AE, Walter AA, Graef JL, Kendall KL, Moon JR, Lockwood CM, Fukuda DH, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JR. Metabolic and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009 Feb 11;6:5. ↑
Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women.
Stout JR, Cramer JT, Zoeller RF, Torok D, Costa P, Hoffman JR, Harris RC, O'Kroy J. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. Amino Acids. 2007;32(3):381-6. ↑
The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): a double-blind randomized study.
Stout JR, Graves BS, Smith AE, Hartman MJ, Cramer JT, Beck TW, Harris RC. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008 Nov 7;5:21. ↑
Short-duration beta-alanine supplementation increases training volume and reduces subjective feelings of fatigue in college football players.
Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Ross R, Kang J, Stout JR, Wise JA. Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA. Nutr Res. 2008 Jan;28(1):31-5. ↑
The effect of two β-alanine dosing strategies on 30-minute rowing performance: a randomized, controlled trial.
Beasley L, Smith L, Antonio J, Gordon D, Johnstone J, Roberts J. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Dec 18;15(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0266-3. ↑
Acute supplementation with alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine augments growth hormone response to, and peak force production during, resistance exercise.
Ziegenfuss T, Landis J, Hofheins J. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008;5(Suppl 1):P15. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-S1-P15. ↑
Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
De Jesus Moreno Moreno M. Clin Ther. 2003;25(1):178-193. ↑
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Labdoor™ is a leader in independent analysis of supplements to assess their quality and safety.
They directly and anonymously purchase products from retail channels, utilize FDA-registered laboratories to rigorously test for label accuracy and purity, and then transparently publish these comprehensive results and certifications for consumer scrutiny. ↑
