Our "No Return Necessary"
Money-Back Guarantee

If you don’t like something of ours, guess what happens next?

No, we don’t request you deliver it to a PO box in the Gobi Desert by carrier pigeon. Nor do we ask you to fill a cursed inkwell with orc’s blood and demon saliva and then use it to complete reams of return forms written in ancient Cyrillic script.

We just . . . wait for it . . . give you your money back. Holy moo cows. And that means you can say "yes" now and decide later.

Will The Fat Loss Stack melt fat from your belly, hips, and thighs faster than a sneeze in a cyclone?

No.

Will it supercharge your metabolism and energy levels?

Absolutely not.

But will it help you burn more calories and fat, enhance your workout performance, and control your appetite and cravings?

Yes. Or your money back.

  • Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[8] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of The Fat Loss Stack—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
  • Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities
  • Backed by our “No Return Necessary” money-back guarantee that works like this: If you don’t absolutely love The Fat Loss Stack, just let us know, and we’ll give you a full refund on the spot. No forms or returns necessary.

So order now, try The Fat Loss Stack risk free, and see for yourself why we believe it’s the perfect mix of all-natural fat loss supplements (that have sold over 1,500,000 bottles and counting!).

Will The Fat Loss Stack melt fat from your belly, hips, and thighs faster than a sneeze in a cyclone?

No.

Will it supercharge your metabolism and energy levels?

Absolutely not.

But is the Fat Loss Stack the only[1] Some popular fat loss supplements are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only The Fat Loss Stack checks each of these boxes. natural[2] The Fat Loss Stack doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. The Fat Loss Stack contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind. sports supplement stack with clinically effective doses[3] Every serving of The Fat Loss Stack contains 19.3518.65 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research. of 1614 ingredients scientifically shown[4] Each active ingredient in The Fat Loss Stack is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans. to increase energy levels and fat loss and reduce hunger and cravings . . . and without the jitters, upset stomach, or crash?

And will it help you burn more calories and fat, enhance your workout performance, and control your appetite and cravings?

Yes. Or your money back.

  • 10394 peer-reviewed scientific studies support The Fat Loss Stack’s combination of ingredients and doses[5] That’s 927855 pages of scientific research that shows The Fat Loss Stack works exactly like we say it does.
  • Contains no artificial sweeteners, flavors, food dyes, or other chemical junk[6] While these types of chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why you won’t find them in The Fat Loss Stack.
  • Analyzed for purity and potency in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab[7] Every bottle is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.
  • Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[8] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of The Fat Loss Stack—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
  • Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities

The Fat Loss Stack is also backed by our “No Return Necessary” money-back guarantee that works like this:

If you don’t absolutely love The Fat Loss Stack, just let us know, and we’ll give you a full refund on the spot. No forms or returns necessary.

So order now, try The Fat Loss Stack risk free, and see for yourself why we believe it’s the perfect mix of all-natural fat loss supplements (that have sold over 1,500,000 bottles and counting!).

Pulse Pre-Workout

Pulse Stim-Free Pre-Workout

21,178 Reviews
Summary Ingredients Reviews

Get the only[9] Some popular pre-workouts are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only Pulse checks each of these boxes. natural[10] Pulse doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Pulse contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind. pre-workout supplement with clinically effective doses[11] Every serving of Pulse contains 15.1 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research. of 6 scientifically proven ingredients[12] Every active ingredient in Pulse is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans. for more energy, focus, and strength without the jitters, upset stomach, or post-workout crash.[13] Pulse contains no harsh stimulants that wind you up and burn you out. Instead, it contains a 1:1 ratio of caffeine and L-theanine, which produces a smooth energy rush and comfortable comedown.

  • 54 peer-reviewed scientific studies support Pulse’s combination of ingredients and doses[14] That’s 508 pages of scientific research that shows Pulse works the way we say it does.
  • Contains no artificial sweeteners, flavors, food dyes, or other chemical junk[15] While these types of chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why you won’t find them in Pulse.
  • Analyzed for purity and potency in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab[16] Every bottle of Pulse is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.
  • Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[17] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Pulse—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
  • Certified to contain no banned substances by Labdoor™, the gold standard of third-party lab testing[18] Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.
  • Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities
21,178 Reviews
Summary Ingredients Reviews

Get the only[75] Some stim-free pre-workouts are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only Pulse checks each of these boxes. natural[76] Pulse doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Pulse contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind. stim-free pre-workout supplement with clinically effective doses[77] Every serving of Pulse contains 14.4 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research. of 4 scientifically proven ingredients[78] Every active ingredient in Pulse is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans. for more strength and stamina and less fatigue without the jitters, upset stomach, or post-workout crash.[79] Stim-free Pulse contains no stimulants of any kind, so it won’t wind you up and burn you out.

  • 45 peer-reviewed scientific studies support Pulse’s combination of ingredients and doses[80] That’s 436 pages of scientific research that shows Pulse works the way we say it does.
  • Contains no artificial sweeteners, flavors, food dyes, or other chemical junk[81] While these chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why we don’t put any of them into our products.
  • Analyzed for purity and potency in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab[82] Every bottle of Pulse is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.
  • Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[83] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Pulse—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
  • Certified to contain no banned substances by Labdoor™, the gold standard of third-party lab testing[84] Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.
  • Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities

Phoenix
Stim-Free Fat Burner

Forge
Pre-Workout Fat Burner

Notice to California Consumers

WARNING: Consuming this product can expose you to chemicals including lead which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov/food.

See how Legion compares to the rest.

PulsePre-Workout PulseStim-Free PhoenixStim-Free Forge Pre-WorkoutFat Burner
  • Active Ingredients
  • Clinically Effective Ingredients & Doses
  • Caffeine
  • Citrulline Malate
  • Beta-Alanine
  • Betaine
  • L-Theanine
  • Alpha-GPC
  • Naturally Sweetened
    & Flavored
  • Third-Party Lab Tested
  • Labdoor Ranking
  • Price Per Serving
  • Legion Pulse
    Pre-Workout

    Legion Pulse Pre-Workout
  • 15,100 mg
    per serving
  • true
  • 350 mg
    per serving
  • 8,000 mg
    per serving
  • 3,600 mg
    per serving
  • 2,500 mg
    per serving
  • 350 mg
    per serving
  • 300 mg
    per serving
  • true
  • true
  • A-
  • $1.801.80
  • Pre JYM
    Pre-Workout

    Pre JYM Pre-Workout
  • 20,955 mg
    per serving
  • close
  • 300 mg
    per serving
  • 6,000 mg
    per serving
  • 2,000 mg
    per serving
  • 1,500 mg
    per serving
  • close
  • 150 mg
    per serving
  • close
  • close
  • close
  • $1.66
  • PEScience
     Prolific Pre-Workout

    PEScience Prolific Pre-Workout
  • 10,970 mg
    per serving
  • true
  • 320 mg
    per seving
  • 6,000 mg
    per serving
  • close
  • 2,500 mg
    per serving
  • 200 mg
    per serving
  • close
  • close
  • close
  • close
  • $1.75
  • C4
    Pre-Workout

    C4 Pre-Workout
  • 4,025 mg
    pre serving
  • close
  • 150 mg
    per serving
  • close
  • 1,600 mg
    per serving
  • close
  • close
  • close
  • close
  • close
  • C-
  • $1.00
  • Active Ingredients
  • Clinically Effective Ingredients & Doses
  • Citrulline Malate
  • Beta-Alanine
  • Betaine
  • Alpha-GPC
  • Naturally Sweetened
    & Flavored
  • Third-Party Lab Tested
  • Labdoor Ranking
  • Price Per Serving
  • Legion Pulse
    Stim-Free Pre-Workout

    Recharge
  • 14,400 mg
    per serving
  • True
  • 8,000 mg
    per serving
  • 3,600 mg
    per serving
  • 2,500 mg
    per serving
  • 300 mg
    per serving
  • True
  • True
  • A-
  • $1.801.80
  • Pre-Kaged
    Stimulant Free

    Post JYM Post-Workout
  • 23,050 mg
    per serving
  • False
  • 6,500 mg
    per serving
  • 1,600 mg
    per serving
  • 2,500 mg
    per serving
  • False
  • False
  • Question Mark
  • False
  • $1.99
  • PEScience
    High Volume

    PEScience TruCreatine+
  • 10,750 mg
    per serving
  • False
  • 4,000 mg
    per serving
  • False
  • False
  • False
  • False
  • Question Mark
  • False
  • $1.94
  • C4
    NO3 Ultimate

    Cellucor M5 Ultimate
  • 7,180 mg
    per serving
  • False
  • 4,000 mg
    per serving
  • False
  • False
  • False
  • False
  • Question Mark
  • False
  • $1.99

The #1 brand of all-natural sports supplements.

Over 5+ million bottles sold to over 1+ million customers who have left us over 45,000 5-star reviews.

Natural Ingredients
Natural Ingredients

The Fat Loss Stack doesn't just “contain natural ingredients”—every ingredient is naturally sourced. We don’t use artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.

Science-Backed Ingredients
Science-Backed Ingredients

Every ingredient in The Fat Loss Stack is backed by peer-reviewed scientific research demonstrating clear benefits in healthy humans.

Clinically Effective Doses
Clinically Effective Ingredients & Doses

Every ingredient and dose (important!) in The Fat Loss Stack is included at clinically effective levels, which are the exact amounts shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research.

Lab Tested
Third-Party Lab Tested

The Fat Loss Stack is tested by third-party labs for heavy metals, microbes, allergens, and other contaminants to ensure it meets FDA purity standards.

Made in USA
Made in the USA

The Fat Loss Stack is made in America with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified, FDA-inspected facilities that adhere to Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) standards.

100% Money-Back-Guarantee
“No Return Necessary”
Money-Back Guarantee

If you don't absolutely love The Fat Loss Stack, you get a prompt and courteous refund. No forms or returns necessary.

Trusted by scientists, doctors, and everyday fitness folk alike.

Previous
  • Sal Di Stefano, Justin Andrews, and Adam Schafer

    "When it comes to quality and integrity, Legion is among the best. Their products only include ingredients that are backed by research and in doses that are proven to be effective in scientific studies."

    Sal Di Stefano, Justin Andrews, and Adam Schafer

    Hosts of The Mind Pump Podcast
  • Dr. Bill Campbell, PhD

    "Legion is science-based at its core. Not only do they dose all of their products based on the clinical doses proven to be effective by scientific studies, they go above and beyond the their competitors by funding new research."

    Dr. Bill Campbell, PhD

    Professor of Exercise Science at University of South Florida
  • Jordan Syatt

    "Legion is a tremendous company run by people I trust and respect. The quality of their supplements is second to no one. And while I don’t use many supplements, the only ones I do come from Legion."

    Jordan Syatt

    Strength and Nutrition Coach
  • Dr. Spencer Nadolsky, MD

    "There are a lot of sleazy supplement companies out there, but Legion is not one of them. Their products are free of fillers and inactive ingredients and they take the time (and money) to test them with independent labs to ensure you're getting what you pay for."

    Dr. Spencer Nadolsky, MD

    Board-Certified Family Medicine Physician and a Diplomate of the American Board of Obesity Medicine
  • Menno Henselmans, MS

    "Legion consults with nutrition experts to make honest, science-based products and then proves they're genuine with independent lab work. That's how all supplement companies should operate."

    Menno Henselmans, MS

    Founder of Bayesian Bodybuilding, Published Scientist, and Physique Coach
  • Kurtis Frank

    "With Legion, you really do get what you pay for. Each and every product is packed with effective doses of effective ingredients, and what’s on the label is what's actually in the bottle."

    Kurtis Frank

    Co-Founder and Former Lead Researcher & Writer of Examine.com
  • James Krieger, MS

    "There are three reasons I like Legion. First, they use ingredients backed by independent, peer-reviewed scientific studies. Second, the quality of their supplements exceeds many in the industry and you know you’re getting what’s on the label. Third, Mike Matthews is a solid evidence-based guy who doesn’t over-hype."

    James Krieger, MS

    Published Scientist, Author, and Speaker
  • Chris Barakat, MS

    "Legion is the only company doing everything right. They make effective products that are backed by scientific evidence, properly dose all of their ingredients, source every ingredient from the highest-quality sources, and are transparent about exactly what goes in each and every product."

    Chris Barakat, MS

    Published Scientist and Physique Coach
Next

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I use The Fat Loss Stack?
Is The Fat Loss Stack for men and women?
Can I take these products while pregnant/nursing?
Should I choose Pulse with or without caffeine?
Should I take these products every day or only on training days?
How quickly will I see results?
What does the Prop65 warning on the labels mean?
Is The Fat Loss Stack gluten-free, vegetarian, or vegan?

+References

1.

Some popular fat loss supplements are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only The Fat Loss Stack checks each of these boxes.

2.

The Fat Loss Stack doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. The Fat Loss Stack contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.

3.

Every serving of The Fat Loss Stack contains 19.3518.65 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research.

4.

Each active ingredient in The Fat Loss Stack is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans.

5.

That’s 927855 pages of scientific research that shows The Fat Loss Stack works exactly like we say it does.

6.

While these types of chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why you won’t find them in The Fat Loss Stack.

7.

Every bottle is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.

8.

This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of The Fat Loss Stack—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.

9.

Some popular pre-workouts are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only Pulse checks each of these boxes.

10.

Pulse doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Pulse contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.

11.

Every serving of Pulse contains 15.1 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research.

12.

Every active ingredient in Pulse is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans.

13.

Pulse contains no harsh stimulants that wind you up and burn you out. Instead, it contains a 1:1 ratio of caffeine and L-theanine, which produces a smooth energy rush and comfortable comedown.

14.

That’s 508 pages of scientific research that shows Pulse works the way we say it does.

15.

While these types of chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why you won’t find them in Pulse.

16.

Every bottle of Pulse is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.

17.

This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Pulse—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.

18.

Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.

19. Caffeine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of its thermogenic, metabolic, and cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteers.

Astrup A, Toubro S, Cannon S, Hein P, Breum L, Madsen J. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51(5):759-767. doi:10.1093/ajcn/51.5.759.

20. Effect of caffeine ingestion on one-repetition maximum muscular strength.

Astorino TA, Rohmann RL, Firth K. Department of Kinesiology, CSU - San Marcos, San Marcos, CA. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Jan;102(2):127-32.

21. The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic capabilities.

Beck TW, Housh TJ, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO, Housh DJ, Coburn JW, Malek MH. Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Aug;20(3):506-10.

22. Effect of caffeine on sport-specific endurance performance: a systematic review.

Ganio MS, Klau JF, Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Maresh CM. Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Jan;23(1):315-24.

23. L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses.

Kimura K, Ozeki M, Juneja LR, Ohira H. Nagoya University Department of Psychology, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. Biol Psychol. 2007 Jan;74(1):39-45.

24. L-theanine promotes nitric oxide production in endothelial cells through eNOS phosphorylation.

Siamwala JH, Dias PM, Majumder S, Joshi MK, Sinkar VP, Banerjee G, Chatterjee S. Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chennai, India. J Nutr Biochem. 2013 Mar;24(3):595-605.

25. Psychological effects of dietary components of tea: caffeine and L-theanine.

Bryan J. School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, South Australia, Australia. Nutr Rev. 2008 Feb;66(2):82-90.

26. L-theanine and caffeine improve task switching but not intersensory attention or subjective alertness.

Einöther SJ, Martens VE, Rycroft JA, De Bruin EA. Sensation, Perception & Behaviour, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands. Appetite. 2010 Apr;54(2):406-9.

27. The effects of L-theanine on alpha-band oscillatory brain activity during a visuo-spatial attention task.

Gomez-Ramirez M, Kelly SP, Montesi JL, Foxe JJ. Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA. Brain Topogr. 2009 Jun;22(1):44-51.

28. l-Theanine and caffeine improve target-specific attention to visual stimuli by decreasing mind wandering: a human functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Kahathuduwa CN, Dhanasekara CS, Chin S-H, et al. Nutr Res. 2018;49:67-78. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.11.002.

29. Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function (Articulo de revision).

Förstermann U, Sessa WC. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(7):829-837, 837a-837d. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr304.

30. Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS.

Zhao Y, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. J Pharmacol Sci. 2015;129(2):83-94. doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2015.09.002.

31. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.

Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Department of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1215-22.

32. Acute citrulline malate supplementation improves upper- and lower-body submaximal weightlifting exercise performance in resistance-trained females.

Glenn JM, Gray M, Wethington LN, Stone MS, Stewart RW, Moyen NE. Eur J Nutr. 2017;56(2):775-784. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1124-6.

33. Acute citrulline-malate supplementation improves maximal strength and anaerobic power in female, masters athletes tennis players.

Glenn JM, Gray M, Jensen A, Stone MS, Vincenzo JL. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016;16(8):1095-1103. doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1158321.

34. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.

Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Department of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1215-22.

35. Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle.

Bendahan D, Mattei JP, Ghattas B, Confort-Gouny S, Le Guern ME, Cozzone PJ. Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, France. Br J Sports Med. 2002 Aug;36(4):282-9.

36. Oral L-citrulline supplementation enhances cycling time trial performance in healthy trained men: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled 2-way crossover study.

Suzuki T, Morita M, Kobayashi Y, Kamimura A. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016;13:6. doi:10.1186/s12970-016-0117-z.

37. Influence of oral beta-alanine and L-histidine supplementation on the carnosine content of the gluteus medius.

Dunnett M, Harris RC. Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK. Equine Vet J Suppl. 1999 Jul;(30):499-504.

38. The biological role of carnosine and its possible applications in medicine.

Budzeń S, Rymaszewska J. Adv Clin Exp Med. 22(5):739-744.

39. beta-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters.

Derave W, Ozdemir MS, Harris RC, Pottier A, Reyngoudt H, Koppo K, Wise JA, Achten E. Dept. of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent Univ, Belgium. J Appl Physiol. 2007 Nov;103(5):1736-43.

40. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women.

Stout JR, Cramer JT, Zoeller RF, Torok D, Costa P, Hoffman JR, Harris RC, O'Kroy J. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. Amino Acids. 2007;32(3):381-6.

41. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): a double-blind randomized study.

Stout JR, Graves BS, Smith AE, Hartman MJ, Cramer JT, Beck TW, Harris RC. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008 Nov 7;5:21.

42. Short-duration beta-alanine supplementation increases training volume and reduces subjective feelings of fatigue in college football players.

Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Ross R, Kang J, Stout JR, Wise JA. Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA. Nutr Res. 2008 Jan;28(1):31-5.

43. Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity.

Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, Harris BD, Sale C, Boobis LH, Kim CK, Wise JA. School of Sports, Exercise & Health Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):225-33.

44. Effect of β-alanine plus sodium bicarbonate on high-intensity cycling capacity.

Sale C, Saunders B, Hudson S, Wise JA, Harris RC, Sunderland CD. Biomedical, Life and Health Sciences Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Oct;43(10):1972-8.

45. Six weeks of high-intensity interval training with and without beta-alanine supplementation for improving cardiovascular fitness in women.

Walter AA, Smith AE, Kendall KL, Stout JR, Cramer JT. Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1199-207.

46. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial.

Smith AE, Walter AA, Graef JL, Kendall KL, Moon JR, Lockwood CM, Fukuda DH, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JR. Metabolic and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009 Feb 11;6:5.

47. Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis.

Hobson RM, Saunders B, Ball G, Harris RC, Sale C. Biomedical, Life and Health Sciences Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK. Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):25-37.

48. Effects of β-alanine supplementation on performance and body composition in collegiate wrestlers and football players.

Kern BD, Robinson TL. Human Performance and Physical Education Department, Adams State College, Alamosa, Colorado, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Jul;25(7):1804-15.

49. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial.

Smith AE, Walter AA, Graef JL, Kendall KL, Moon JR, Lockwood CM, Fukuda DH, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JR. Metabolic and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009 Feb 11;6:5.

50. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women.

Stout JR, Cramer JT, Zoeller RF, Torok D, Costa P, Hoffman JR, Harris RC, O'Kroy J. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. Amino Acids. 2007;32(3):381-6.

51. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): a double-blind randomized study.

Stout JR, Graves BS, Smith AE, Hartman MJ, Cramer JT, Beck TW, Harris RC. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008 Nov 7;5:21.

52. Short-duration beta-alanine supplementation increases training volume and reduces subjective feelings of fatigue in college football players.

Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Ross R, Kang J, Stout JR, Wise JA. Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA. Nutr Res. 2008 Jan;28(1):31-5.

53. The effect of two β-alanine dosing strategies on 30-minute rowing performance: a randomized, controlled trial.

Beasley L, Smith L, Antonio J, Gordon D, Johnstone J, Roberts J. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Dec 18;15(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0266-3.

54. Acute supplementation with alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine augments growth hormone response to, and peak force production during, resistance exercise.

Ziegenfuss T, Landis J, Hofheins J. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008;5(Suppl 1):P15. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-S1-P15.

56. Glycerophosphocholine enhances growth hormone secretion and fat oxidation in young adults.

Kawamura T, Okubo T, Sato K, et al. Nutrition. 2012;28(11-12):1122-1126. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.02.011

57. Evaluation of the effects of two doses of alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine on physical and psychomotor performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.

Marcus L, Soileau J, Judge LW, Bellar D. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2017;14:39. doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0196-5.

58. The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance, skeletal muscle oxygen saturation and associated biochemical parameters in resistance trained men.

Trepanowski JF, Farney TM, McCarthy CG, Schilling BK, Craig SA, Bloomer RJ. Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Dec;25(12):3461-71.

59. Ergogenic effects of betaine supplementation on strength and power performance.

Lee EC, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ, Yamamoto LM, Hatfield DL, Bailey BL, Armstrong LE, Volek JS, McDermott BP, Craig SA. Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010 Jul 19;7:27.

60. Artificial Sweeteners: History and New Concepts on Inflammation.

Basson AR, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Front Nutr. 2021;8:746247. Published 2021 Sep 24. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.746247.

61. Non-caloric artificial sweeteners and the microbiome: findings and challenges.

Suez J, Korem T, Zilberman-Schapira G, Segal E, Elinav E. Gut Microbes. 2015;6(2):149-155. doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1017700.

62. What made Canada become a country with the highest incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: could sucralose be the culprit?

Qin X. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;25(9):511.

63. Artificial Sweeteners Negatively Regulate Pathogenic Characteristics of Two Model Gut Bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis.

Shil A, Chichger H. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(10):5228. Published 2021 May 15. doi:10.3390/ijms22105228.

64. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota.

Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, et al. Nature. 2014;514(7521):181-186. doi:10.1038/nature13793.

65. High-intensity sweetener consumption and gut microbiome content and predicted gene function in a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States.

Frankenfeld CL, Sikaroodi M, Lamb E, Shoemaker S, Gillevet PM. Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25(10):736-42.e4. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.06.083.

66. Steviol glycosides from Stevia: biosynthesis pathway review and their application in foods and medicine.

Yadav SK, Guleria P. CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012;52(11):988-98.

67. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic and renal protective properties of Stevia rebaudiana.

Shivanna N, Naika M, Khanum F, Kaul VK. Department of Applied Nutrition, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India. J Diabetes Complications. 2013 Mar-Apr;27(2):103-13.

68. Safety evaluation of certain food additives.

World Health Organization. WHO Press; 2006. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241660546_eng.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2019.

69. Effects of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) extract and N-nitro-L-arginine on renal function and ultrastructure of kidney cells in experimental type 2 Diabetes.

Ozbayer C, Kurt H, Kalender S, Ozden H, Gunes HV, Basaran A, Cakmak EA, Civi K, Kalender Y, Degirmenci I. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey. J Med Food. 2011 Oct;14(10):1215-22.

70. Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota.

Feng J, Cerniglia CE, Chen H. Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, AR , USA. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4:568-86.

71. Artificial food dyes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Kanarek RB. Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA. Nutr Rev. 2011 Jul;69(7):385-91.

72. Meta-analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction diet, and synthetic food color additives.

Nigg JT, Lewis K, Edinger T, Falk M. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;51(1):86-97.e8.

73. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

McCann D, Barrett A, Cooper A, Crumpler D, Dalen L, Grimshaw K, Kitchin E, Lok K, Porteous L, Prince E, Sonuga-Barke E, Warner JO, Stevenson J. School of Psychology, Department of Child Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. Lancet. 2007 Nov 3;370(9598):1560-7.

74. Effect of food azo dye tartrazine on learning and memory functions in mice and rats, and the possible mechanisms involved.

Gao Y, Li C, Shen J, Yin H, An X, Jin H. Scientific and Technological College of Chemistry and Biology, Yantai Univ., Yantai, PR China. J Food Sci. 2011 Aug;76(6):T125-9.

75.

Some stim-free pre-workouts are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only Pulse checks each of these boxes.

76.

Pulse doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Pulse contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.

77.

Every serving of Pulse contains 14.4 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research.

78.

Every active ingredient in Pulse is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans.

79.

Stim-free Pulse contains no stimulants of any kind, so it won’t wind you up and burn you out.

80.

That’s 436 pages of scientific research that shows Pulse works the way we say it does.

81.

While these chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why we don’t put any of them into our products.

82.

Every bottle of Pulse is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.

83.

This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Pulse—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.

84.

Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.

85. Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function (Articulo de revision).

Förstermann U, Sessa WC. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(7):829-837, 837a-837d. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr304.

86. Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS.

Zhao Y, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. J Pharmacol Sci. 2015;129(2):83-94. doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2015.09.002.

87. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.

Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Department of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1215-22.

88. Acute citrulline malate supplementation improves upper- and lower-body submaximal weightlifting exercise performance in resistance-trained females.

Glenn JM, Gray M, Wethington LN, Stone MS, Stewart RW, Moyen NE. Eur J Nutr. 2017;56(2):775-784. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1124-6.

89. Acute citrulline-malate supplementation improves maximal strength and anaerobic power in female, masters athletes tennis players.

Glenn JM, Gray M, Jensen A, Stone MS, Vincenzo JL. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016;16(8):1095-1103. doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1158321.

90. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.

Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Department of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1215-22.

91. Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle.

Bendahan D, Mattei JP, Ghattas B, Confort-Gouny S, Le Guern ME, Cozzone PJ. Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, France. Br J Sports Med. 2002 Aug;36(4):282-9.

92. Oral L-citrulline supplementation enhances cycling time trial performance in healthy trained men: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled 2-way crossover study.

Suzuki T, Morita M, Kobayashi Y, Kamimura A. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016;13:6. doi:10.1186/s12970-016-0117-z.

93. Influence of oral beta-alanine and L-histidine supplementation on the carnosine content of the gluteus medius.

Dunnett M, Harris RC. Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK. Equine Vet J Suppl. 1999 Jul;(30):499-504.

94. The biological role of carnosine and its possible applications in medicine.

Budzeń S, Rymaszewska J. Adv Clin Exp Med. 22(5):739-744.

95. beta-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters.

Derave W, Ozdemir MS, Harris RC, Pottier A, Reyngoudt H, Koppo K, Wise JA, Achten E. Dept. of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent Univ, Belgium. J Appl Physiol. 2007 Nov;103(5):1736-43.

96. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women.

Stout JR, Cramer JT, Zoeller RF, Torok D, Costa P, Hoffman JR, Harris RC, O'Kroy J. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. Amino Acids. 2007;32(3):381-6.

97. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): a double-blind randomized study.

Stout JR, Graves BS, Smith AE, Hartman MJ, Cramer JT, Beck TW, Harris RC. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008 Nov 7;5:21.

98. Short-duration beta-alanine supplementation increases training volume and reduces subjective feelings of fatigue in college football players.

Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Ross R, Kang J, Stout JR, Wise JA. Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA. Nutr Res. 2008 Jan;28(1):31-5.

99. Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity.

Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, Harris BD, Sale C, Boobis LH, Kim CK, Wise JA. School of Sports, Exercise & Health Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):225-33.

100. Effect of β-alanine plus sodium bicarbonate on high-intensity cycling capacity.

Sale C, Saunders B, Hudson S, Wise JA, Harris RC, Sunderland CD. Biomedical, Life and Health Sciences Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Oct;43(10):1972-8.

101. Six weeks of high-intensity interval training with and without beta-alanine supplementation for improving cardiovascular fitness in women.

Walter AA, Smith AE, Kendall KL, Stout JR, Cramer JT. Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1199-207.

102. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial.

Smith AE, Walter AA, Graef JL, Kendall KL, Moon JR, Lockwood CM, Fukuda DH, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JR. Metabolic and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009 Feb 11;6:5.

103. Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis.

Hobson RM, Saunders B, Ball G, Harris RC, Sale C. Biomedical, Life and Health Sciences Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK. Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):25-37.

104. Effects of β-alanine supplementation on performance and body composition in collegiate wrestlers and football players.

Kern BD, Robinson TL. Human Performance and Physical Education Department, Adams State College, Alamosa, Colorado, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Jul;25(7):1804-15.

105. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial.

Smith AE, Walter AA, Graef JL, Kendall KL, Moon JR, Lockwood CM, Fukuda DH, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JR. Metabolic and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009 Feb 11;6:5.

106. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women.

Stout JR, Cramer JT, Zoeller RF, Torok D, Costa P, Hoffman JR, Harris RC, O'Kroy J. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. Amino Acids. 2007;32(3):381-6.

107. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): a double-blind randomized study.

Stout JR, Graves BS, Smith AE, Hartman MJ, Cramer JT, Beck TW, Harris RC. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008 Nov 7;5:21.

108. Short-duration beta-alanine supplementation increases training volume and reduces subjective feelings of fatigue in college football players.

Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Ross R, Kang J, Stout JR, Wise JA. Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA. Nutr Res. 2008 Jan;28(1):31-5.

109. The effect of two β-alanine dosing strategies on 30-minute rowing performance: a randomized, controlled trial.

Beasley L, Smith L, Antonio J, Gordon D, Johnstone J, Roberts J. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Dec 18;15(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0266-3.

110. Acute supplementation with alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine augments growth hormone response to, and peak force production during, resistance exercise.

Ziegenfuss T, Landis J, Hofheins J. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008;5(Suppl 1):P15. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-S1-P15.

112. Glycerophosphocholine enhances growth hormone secretion and fat oxidation in young adults.

Kawamura T, Okubo T, Sato K, et al. Nutrition. 2012;28(11-12):1122-1126. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.02.011

113. Evaluation of the effects of two doses of alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine on physical and psychomotor performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.

Marcus L, Soileau J, Judge LW, Bellar D. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2017;14:39. doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0196-5.

114. The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance, skeletal muscle oxygen saturation and associated biochemical parameters in resistance trained men.

Trepanowski JF, Farney TM, McCarthy CG, Schilling BK, Craig SA, Bloomer RJ. Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Dec;25(12):3461-71.

115. Ergogenic effects of betaine supplementation on strength and power performance.

Lee EC, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ, Yamamoto LM, Hatfield DL, Bailey BL, Armstrong LE, Volek JS, McDermott BP, Craig SA. Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010 Jul 19;7:27.

116. Artificial Sweeteners: History and New Concepts on Inflammation.

Basson AR, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Front Nutr. 2021;8:746247. Published 2021 Sep 24. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.746247.

117. Non-caloric artificial sweeteners and the microbiome: findings and challenges.

Suez J, Korem T, Zilberman-Schapira G, Segal E, Elinav E. Gut Microbes. 2015;6(2):149-155. doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1017700.

118. What made Canada become a country with the highest incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: could sucralose be the culprit?

Qin X. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;25(9):511.

119. Artificial Sweeteners Negatively Regulate Pathogenic Characteristics of Two Model Gut Bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis.

Shil A, Chichger H. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(10):5228. Published 2021 May 15. doi:10.3390/ijms22105228.

120. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota.

Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, et al. Nature. 2014;514(7521):181-186. doi:10.1038/nature13793.

121. High-intensity sweetener consumption and gut microbiome content and predicted gene function in a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States.

Frankenfeld CL, Sikaroodi M, Lamb E, Shoemaker S, Gillevet PM. Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25(10):736-42.e4. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.06.083.

122. Steviol glycosides from Stevia: biosynthesis pathway review and their application in foods and medicine.

Yadav SK, Guleria P. CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012;52(11):988-98.

123. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic and renal protective properties of Stevia rebaudiana.

Shivanna N, Naika M, Khanum F, Kaul VK. Department of Applied Nutrition, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India. J Diabetes Complications. 2013 Mar-Apr;27(2):103-13.

124. Safety evaluation of certain food additives.

World Health Organization. WHO Press; 2006. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241660546_eng.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2019.

125. Effects of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) extract and N-nitro-L-arginine on renal function and ultrastructure of kidney cells in experimental type 2 Diabetes.

Ozbayer C, Kurt H, Kalender S, Ozden H, Gunes HV, Basaran A, Cakmak EA, Civi K, Kalender Y, Degirmenci I. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey. J Med Food. 2011 Oct;14(10):1215-22.

126. Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota.

Feng J, Cerniglia CE, Chen H. Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, AR , USA. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4:568-86.

127. Artificial food dyes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Kanarek RB. Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA. Nutr Rev. 2011 Jul;69(7):385-91.

128. Meta-analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction diet, and synthetic food color additives.

Nigg JT, Lewis K, Edinger T, Falk M. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;51(1):86-97.e8.

129. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

McCann D, Barrett A, Cooper A, Crumpler D, Dalen L, Grimshaw K, Kitchin E, Lok K, Porteous L, Prince E, Sonuga-Barke E, Warner JO, Stevenson J. School of Psychology, Department of Child Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. Lancet. 2007 Nov 3;370(9598):1560-7.

130. Effect of food azo dye tartrazine on learning and memory functions in mice and rats, and the possible mechanisms involved.

Gao Y, Li C, Shen J, Yin H, An X, Jin H. Scientific and Technological College of Chemistry and Biology, Yantai Univ., Yantai, PR China. J Food Sci. 2011 Aug;76(6):T125-9.

131.

Some popular fat burners are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only Phoenix checks each of these boxes.

132.

Phoenix doesn’t just "contain natural ingredients"—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Phoenix contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.

133.

Every serving of Phoenix contains 1,490 milligrams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research.

134.

Each active ingredient in Phoenix is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans.

135.

Stim-free Phoenix contains no stimulants of any kind, so it won’t wind you up and burn you out.

136.

That’s 187 pages of scientific research that shows Phoenix works exactly like we say it does.

137.

While these types of chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why you won’t find them in Phoenix.

138.

Every bottle of Phoenix is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.

139.

This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Phoenix—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.

140. Kaempferia parviflora, a plant used in traditional medicine to enhance sexual performance contains large amounts of low affinity PDE5 inhibitors.

Temkitthawon P, Hinds TR, Beavo JA, Viyoch J, Suwanborirux K, Pongamornkul W, Sawasdee P, Ingkaninan K. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Oct 11;137(3):1437-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.025.

141. Kaempferia parviflora extract increases energy consumption through activation of BAT in mice.

Yoshino S, Kim M, Awa R, Kuwahara H, Kano Y, Kawada T. Food Sci Nutr. 2014 Nov;2(6):634-7. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.144.

142. Suppression of adipocyte hypertrophy by polymethoxyflavonoids isolated from Kaempferia parviflora.

Okabe Y, Shimada T, Horikawa T, Kinoshita K, Koyama K, Ichinose K, Aburada M, Takahashi K. Phytomedicine. 2014 May 15;21(6):800-6. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.01.014.

143. Kaempferia parviflora extract increases whole-body energy expenditure in humans: roles of brown adipose tissue.

Matsushita M, Yoneshiro T, Aita S, Kamiya T, Kusaba N, Yamaguchi K, Takagaki K, Kameya T, Sugie H, Saito M. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2015;61(1):79-83. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.61.79.

144. Kaempferia parviflora ethanol extract improves self-assessed sexual health in men: a pilot study.

Stein RA, Schmid K, Bolivar J, Swick AG, Joyal SV, Hirsh SP. J Integr Med. 2018 Jul;16(4):249-254. doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.05.005.

145. Effect of Kaempferia parviflora Extract on Physical Fitness of Soccer Players: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Promthep K, Eungpinichpong W, Sripanidkulchai B, Chatchawan U. Med Sci Monit Basic Res. 2015 May 6;21:100-8. doi: 10.12659/MSMBR.894301.

146. Positive Modulation Effect of 8-Week Consumption of Kaempferia parviflora on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Oxidative Status in Healthy Elderly Volunteers.

Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S, Tong-Un T, Saenghong N, Thukhum-Mee W, Sripanidkulchai B. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:732816. doi: 10.1155/2012/732816.

147. Daily ingestion of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract increases whole-body energy expenditure and decreases visceral fat in humans.

Sugita J, Yoneshiro T, Sugishima Y, Ikemoto T, Uchiwa H, Suzuki I, Saito M. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2014;60(1):22-7. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.60.22.

148. Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract activates brown adipose tissue and increases whole-body energy expenditure in men.

Sugita J, Yoneshiro T, Hatano T, Aita S, Ikemoto T, Uchiwa H, Iwanaga T, Kameya T, Kawai Y, Saito M. Br J Nutr. 2013 Aug;110(4):733-8. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512005715.

149. Forskolin as an activator of cyclic AMP accumulation and lipolysis in rat adipocytes.

Litosch I, Hudson TH, Mills I, Li SY, Fain JN. Mol Pharmacol. 1982 Jul;22(1):109-15.

150. Activation and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase isoforms by forskolin analogs.

Pinto C, Papa D, Hübner M, Mou TC, Lushington GH, Seifert R. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Apr;325(1):27-36. doi: 10.1124/jpet.107.131904.

151. Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men.

Godard MP, Johnson BA, Richmond SR. Obes Res. 2005 Aug;13(8):1335-43. doi: 10.1038/oby.2005.162.

152. Fucoxanthin from edible seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida, shows antiobesity effect through UCP1 expression in white adipose tissues.

Maeda H, Hosokawa M, Sashima T, Funayama K, Miyashita K. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Jul 1;332(2):392-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.002.

153. The effects of Xanthigen in the weight management of obese premenopausal women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and normal liver fat.

Abidov M, Ramazanov Z, Seifulla R, Grachev S. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010 Jan;12(1):72-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01132.x.

154. Fucoxanthin exerts differing effects on 3T3-L1 cells according to differentiation stage and inhibits glucose uptake in mature adipocytes.

Kang SI, Ko HC, Shin HS, Kim HM, Hong YS, Lee NH, Kim SJ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jun 17;409(4):769-74. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.086.

155. Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of fucoxanthin on diet-induced obesity conditions in a murine model.

Maeda H, Hosokawa M, Sashima T, Murakami-Funayama K, Miyashita K. Mol Med Rep. 2009 Nov-Dec;2(6):897-902. doi: 10.3892/mmr_00000189.

156. Effect of Caralluma fimbriata extract on appetite, food intake and anthropometry in adult Indian men and women.

Kuriyan R, Raj T, Srinivas SK, Vaz M, Rajendran R, Kurpad AV. Appetite. 2007 May;48(3):338-44. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2006.09.013.

157. A randomised placebo controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of Caralluma fimbriata supplement for reducing anxiety and stress in healthy adults over eight weeks.

Kell G, Rao A, Katsikitis M. J Affect Disord. 2019 Mar 1;246:619-626. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.062.

158. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a clinically-effective serotonin precursor

Birdsall TC. Altern Med Rev. 1998 Aug;3(4):271-80.

159. The effects of oral 5-hydroxytryptophan administration on feeding behavior in obese adult female subjects.

Ceci F, Cangiano C, Cairella M, Cascino A, Del Ben M, Muscaritoli M, Sibilia L, Rossi Fanelli F. J Neural Transm. 1989;76(2):109-17. doi: 10.1007/BF01578751.

160. Brain serotonin, carbohydrate-craving, obesity and depression.

Wurtman RJ, Wurtman JJ. Obes Res. 1995 Nov;3 Suppl 4:477S-480S. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00215.x.

161. Effect of dietary restriction on peripheral monoamines and anxiety symptoms in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome.

Perez-Cornago A, Ramírez MJ, Zulet MÁ, Martinez JA. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014 Sep;47:98-106. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.05.003.

162. Effects of low dose oral iodide supplementation on thyroid function in normal men.

Gardner DF, Centor RM, Utiger RD. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1988 Mar;28(3):283-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1988.tb01214.x.

163. Effect of low dose iodide supplementation on thyroid function in potentially susceptible subjects: are dietary iodide levels in Britain acceptable?

Chow CC, Phillips DI, Lazarus JH, Parkes AB. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1991 May;34(5):413-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1991.tb00314.x.

164. B-vitamin status and concentrations of homocysteine in Austrian omnivores, vegetarians and vegans.

Majchrzak D, Singer I, Männer M, Rust P, Genser D, Wagner KH, Elmadfa I. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(6):485-91. doi: 10.1159/000095828.

165. Cyano-B12 or Whey Powder with Endogenous Hydroxo-B12 for Supplementation in B12 Deficient Lactovegetarians.

Naik S, Mahalle N, Greibe E, Ostenfeld MS, Heegaard CW, Nexo E, Fedosov SN. Nutrients. 2019 Oct 6;11(10):2382. doi: 10.3390/nu11102382.

166.

Some popular pre-workout fat burners are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only Forge checks each of these boxes.

167.

Forge doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Forge contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.

168.

Every serving of Forge contains 2,760 milligrams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research.

169.

Each active ingredient in Forge is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans.

170.

That’s 159 pages of scientific research that shows Forge works exactly like we say it does.

171.

While these types of chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why you won’t find them in Forge.

172.

Every bottle of Forge is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.

173.

This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Forge—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.

174. Yohimbine: the effects on body composition and exercise performance in soccer players.

Ostojic SM. Res Sports Med. 2006 Oct-Dec;14(4):289-99. doi: 10.1080/15438620600987106.

175. Yohimbine and rauwolscine reduce food intake of genetically obese (obob) and lean mice.

Callahan MF, Beales M, Oltmans GA. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1984 Apr;20(4):591-9. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(84)90309-5.

176. Alpha-2 adrenoceptors in lipolysis: alpha 2 antagonists and lipid-mobilizing strategies.

Lafontan M, Berlan M, Galitzky J, Montastruc JL. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Jan;55(1 Suppl):219S-227S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/55.1.219s.

177. Yohimbine: the effects on body composition and exercise performance in soccer players.

Ostojic SM. Res Sports Med. 2006 Oct-Dec;14(4):289-99. doi: 10.1080/15438620600987106.

178. Agonist and antagonist actions of yohimbine as compared to fluparoxan at alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (AR)s, serotonin (5-HT)(1A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D) and dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors. Significance for the modulation of frontocortical monoaminergic transmission and depressive states.

Millan MJ, Newman-Tancredi A, Audinot V, Cussac D, Lejeune F, Nicolas JP, Cogé F, Galizzi JP, Boutin JA, Rivet JM, Dekeyne A, Gobert A. Psychopharmacology Department, Institut de Recherches Servier, Centre de Recherches de Croissy, 125, Chemin de Ronde, 78290-Croissy-sur-Seine, Paris, France. Synapse. 2000 Feb;35(2):79-95.

179. Ergogenic Effects of Yohimbine: Standardized Cycling Clinical Study.

Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy, Haidar A. N. Abood, Ali Ismail A. Al-Gareeb. 1. Department of Pharmacology/College of Medicine/ Al-Mustansiriya University/Baghdad/Iraq 2. Department of Pharmacology/College of Medicine/Kerbala University/Kerbala/ Iraq. Karbala J. Med 01/2015; 7(2).

180. Alpha 2-antagonist compounds and lipid mobilization: evidence for a lipid mobilizing effect of oral yohimbine in healthy male volunteers.

Galitzky J, Taouis M, Berlan M, Rivière D, Garrigues M, Lafontan M. Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Clinique et Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. Eur J Clin Invest. 1988 Dec;18(6):587-94.

181. Pre-exercise administration of yohimbine may enhance the efficacy of exercise training as a fat loss strategy by boosting lipolysis.

McCarty MF. Pantox Laboratories, California 92109, USA Med Hypotheses. 2002 Jun;58(6):491-5.

182. Yohimbine use for physical enhancement and its potential toxicity.

Cimolai N, Cimolai T. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. J Diet Suppl. 2011 Dec;8(4):346-54. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2011.615806. Epub 2011 Oct 21.

183. Signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms through which branched-chain amino acids mediate translational control of protein synthesis.

Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. J Nutr. 2006 Jan;136(1 Suppl):227S-31S.

184. Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation during resistance training on strength, body composition, and muscle damage in trained and untrained young men: a meta-analysis.

Rowlands DS, Thomson JS. Exercise and Sport Sciences, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 May;23(3):836-46. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a00c80.

185. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid reduces markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and improves recovery in resistance-trained men.

Wilson JM, Lowery RP, Joy JM, et al. Br J Nutr. 2013 Aug 28;110(3):538-44. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512005387. Epub 2013 Jan 3.

186. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid reduces markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and improves recovery in resistance-trained men.

Wilson JM, Lowery RP, Joy JM, et al. Br J Nutr. 2013 Aug 28;110(3):538-44. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512005387. Epub 2013 Jan 3.

187. Effects of leucine and its metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on human skeletal muscle protein metabolism.

Wilkinson DJ, Hossain T, Hill DS, Phillips BE, Crossland H, Williams J, Loughna P, Churchward-Venne TA, Breen L, Phillips SM, Etheridge T, Rathmacher JA, Smith K, Szewczyk NJ, Atherton PJ. Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, Derby DE22 3DT, UK. J Physiol. 2013 Jun 1;591(Pt 11):2911-23. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.253203. Epub 2013 Apr 3.

188. Hypoglycemic effect of isoleucine involves increased muscle glucose uptake and whole body glucose oxidation and decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Doi M, Yamaoka I, Nakayama M, Sugahara K, Yoshizawa F. Division of Pharmacology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601, Japan. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun;292(6):E1683-93. Epub 2007 Feb 13.

189. Regulation of valine metabolism in man: a stable isotope study.

Staten MA, Bier DM, Matthews DE. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984 Dec;40(6):1224-34.

190. Citrus aurantium and synephrine alkaloids in the treatment of overweight and obesity: an update.

Haaz S, Fontaine KR, Cutter G, Limdi N, Perumean-Chaney S, Allison DB. Obes Rev. 2006;7(1):79-88. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00195.x.

191. Effects of p-synephrine alone and in combination with selected bioflavonoids on resting metabolism, blood pressure, heart rate and self-reported mood changes.

Stohs SJ, Preuss HG, Keith SC, Keith PL, Miller H, Kaats GR. Int J Med Sci. 2011;8(4):295-301. Published 2011 Apr 28. doi:10.7150/ijms.8.295.

192. Activities of octopamine and synephrine stereoisomers on alpha-adrenoceptors.

Brown CM, McGrath JC, Midgley JM, et al. Br J Pharmacol. 1988;93(2):417-429. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11449.x.

193. Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota.

Feng J, Cerniglia CE, Chen H. Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, AR , USA. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4:568-86.

194. Artificial food dyes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Kanarek RB. Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA. Nutr Rev. 2011 Jul;69(7):385-91.

195. Meta-analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction diet, and synthetic food color additives.

Nigg JT, Lewis K, Edinger T, Falk M. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;51(1):86-97.e8.

196. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

McCann D, Barrett A, Cooper A, Crumpler D, Dalen L, Grimshaw K, Kitchin E, Lok K, Porteous L, Prince E, Sonuga-Barke E, Warner JO, Stevenson J. School of Psychology, Department of Child Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. Lancet. 2007 Nov 3;370(9598):1560-7.

197. Effect of food azo dye tartrazine on learning and memory functions in mice and rats, and the possible mechanisms involved.

Gao Y, Li C, Shen J, Yin H, An X, Jin H. Scientific and Technological College of Chemistry and Biology, Yantai Univ., Yantai, PR China. J Food Sci. 2011 Aug;76(6):T125-9.