Muscle Building Stacks - Bodybuilding Bundles

Q: How do I use The Muscle Growth Stack?

To get the most out of The Muscle Growth Stack, take 1 scoop of Whey+ Casein+ Plant+ and 1-to-2 scoops of Pulse 15-to-30 minutes before training, and 1-to-2 scoops of Whey+ Casein+ Plant+ and 1 serving of Recharge within an hour or two of finishing your workout. On non-training days, take a serving of Whey+ Casein+ Plant+ whenever’s convenient and a serving of Recharge with any meal containing carbs.

Q: Is The Muscle Growth Stack for men and women?

Yes. Whey+ Casein+ Plant+ , Pulse, and Recharge boost performance, muscle growth, and recovery equally well in men and women. The only thing to remember is that each serving of Pulse contains 350 milligrams of caffeine, which may be too much for some women (or smaller men). In those cases, ½ of a serving (which contains more active ingredients than a full serving of most other pre-workout supplements) works perfectly. Bottles last longer this way too!

Q: Should I use The Muscle Growth Stack when I’m dieting for fat loss or only when I’m dieting for muscle growth?

Yes. Whey+ Casein+ Plant+ , Pulse, and Recharge boost performance, muscle growth, and recovery equally well in men and women. The only thing to remember is that each serving of Pulse contains 350 milligrams of caffeine, which may be too much for some women (or smaller men). In those cases, ½ of a serving (which contains more active ingredients than a full serving of most other pre-workout supplements) works perfectly. Bottles last longer this way too!

Q: Can I take these products while pregnant/nursing?

You can take Whey+ Casein+ Plant+ while pregnant and breastfeeding, but it’s probably best to wait until after you give birth and finish nursing before taking Pulse or Recharge. That’s because there isn’t enough research to know how certain ingredients in Pulse and Recharge affect a developing baby or whether they’d work their way into breastmilk and affect a nursing child. That’s not to say Pulse and Recharge are dangerous; it’s just better to be prudent and skip any ingredients that haven’t been proven safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Q: Should I choose Pulse with or without caffeine?

It depends. The caffeine in regular Pulse makes it slightly more effective at boosting strength, power, and endurance than stim-free Pulse. Thus, if you want to maximize your athletic performance and don’t experience adverse side effects when you have large doses of caffeine, train late at night when caffeine may impair sleep, or already consume a lot of caffeine each day, regular Pulse is probably the best option. However, if you’re very sensitive to caffeine, train later in the day, or prefer to get caffeine from other sources (like coffee and tea) but still want to take a pre-workout supplement that’ll enhance your performance in the gym, then stim-free Pulse is probably more fitting for you.

Q: Should I take these products every day or only on training days?

For best results, take Recharge daily. This keeps your creatine levels topped off, which boosts strength, recovery, and endurance. While you don’t have to take Whey+ Casein+ Plant+ every day, doing so is sensible because it makes hitting your daily protein target easier. Only take Pulse on days you train. Taking it more regularly than this increases the chances that you’ll build a tolerance to its ingredients, which will diminish its performance-boosting effects over time.

Q: How quickly will I see results?

It’s difficult to say how quickly you’ll see results with Whey+ Casein+ Plant+ because it largely depends on your training program and the rest of your diet. That said, most people experience less muscle soreness after taking Whey+ Casein+ Plant+ for a couple of days and notice they build muscle more effectively after a few weeks of continued use. You should experience the performance- and concentration-boosting effects of Pulse immediately after taking it, though it’ll take a couple of weeks of regular use before the beta-alanine in Pulse increases carnosine levels in your muscles enough to improve muscle endurance. Likewise, you have to use Recharge every day for a week or two to max out your muscle creatine stores. After that, however, you should notice an increase in strength and endurance during your workouts and that you recover faster after training.

Q: What does the Prop65 warning on the labels mean?

Our products include a Proposition 65 warning in compliance with California’s regulatory guidelines, which are among the most stringent and sweeping in the world. A Proposition 65 warning does not indicate whether a product is safe or unsafe. Rather, Proposition 65 is a consumer notification law in California that requires warnings to inform consumers about the presence of one or more of over 900 substances in various types of products. These substances include naturally occurring and ubiquitous compounds, even when present at levels below those known to cause harm.

Q: Is The Muscle Growth Stack gluten-free, vegetarian, or vegan?

The Muscle Growth Stack is gluten-free and vegetarian, but it’s not vegan because Whey+ contains dairy.

Home / Products / Stacks / The Muscle Growth Stack

Our "No Return Necessary"
Money-Back Guarantee

If you don’t like something of ours, guess what happens next?

No, we don’t request you deliver it to a PO box in the Gobi Desert by carrier pigeon. Nor do we ask you to fill a cursed inkwell with orc’s blood and demon saliva and then use it to complete reams of return forms written in ancient Cyrillic script.

We just . . . wait for it . . . give you your money back. Holy moo cows. And that means you can say "yes" now and decide later.

Will The Muscle Growth Stack help you pack on brain-shrinking amounts of muscle in 30 days flat?

No.

Will it add another plate or two to the bar?

Absolutely not.

But will it help you train harder, recover faster, and gain more muscle and strength?

Yes. Or your money back.

Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[8] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of The Muscle Growth Stack—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
Certified to contain no banned substances by Labdoor™, the gold standard of third-party lab testing[9] Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.
Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities

The Muscle Growth Stack is also backed by our “No Return Necessary” money-back guarantee that works like this:

If you don’t absolutely love The Muscle Growth Stack, just let us know, and we’ll give you a full refund on the spot. No forms or returns necessary.

So order now, try The Muscle Growth Stack risk free, and see for yourself why we believe it’s the perfect mix of all-natural muscle building supplements (that have sold over 2,000,000 bottles and counting!).

Will The Muscle Growth Stack help you pack on brain-shrinking amounts of muscle in 30 days flat?

No.

Will it add another plate or two to the bar?

Absolutely not.

But will it help you train harder, recover faster, and gain more muscle and strength?

Yes. Or your money back.

Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[8] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of The Muscle Growth Stack—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities
Backed by our “No Return Necessary” money-back guarantee that works like this: If you don’t absolutely love The Muscle Growth Stack, just let us know, and we’ll give you a full refund on the spot. No forms or returns necessary.

Will The Muscle Growth Stack help you pack on brain-shrinking amounts of muscle in 30 days flat?

No.

Will it add another plate or two to the bar?

Absolutely not.

But will it help you train harder, recover faster, and gain more muscle and strength?

Yes. Or your money back.

Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[8] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of The Muscle Growth Stack—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities
Backed by our “No Return Necessary” money-back guarantee that works like this: If you don’t absolutely love The Muscle Growth Stack, just let us know, and we’ll give you a full refund on the spot. No forms or returns necessary.

Will The Muscle Growth Stack help you pack on brain-shrinking amounts of muscle in 30 days flat?

No.

Will it add another plate or two to the bar?

Absolutely not.

But is the Muscle Growth Stack the only[1] Some popular performance supplements are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only The Muscle Growth Stack checks each of these boxes. natural[2] The Muscle Growth Stack doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. The Muscle Growth Stack contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind. sports supplement stack with clinically effective doses[3] Every serving of The Muscle Growth Stack contains 19.3518.65 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research. of 10 ingredients scientifically shown[4] Each active ingredient in The Muscle Growth Loss Stack is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans. to improve energy levels, focus, strength, endurance, and recovery and reduce fatigue and muscle soreness?

And will it help you train harder, recover faster, and gain more muscle and strength?

Yes. Or your money back.

837483748677 peer-reviewed scientific studies support The Muscle Growth Stack’s combination of ingredients and doses[5] That’s 807735807735831759 pages of scientific research that shows The Muscle Growth Stack works exactly like we say it does.
Contains no artificial sweeteners, flavors, food dyes, or other chemical junk[6] While these types of chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why you won’t find them in The Muscle Growth Stack.
Analyzed for purity and potency in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab[7] Every bottle is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.
Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[8] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of The Muscle Growth Stack—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
Certified to contain no banned substances by Labdoor™, the gold standard of third-party lab testing[9] Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.
Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities

The Muscle Growth Stack is also backed by our “No Return Necessary” money-back guarantee that works like this:

If you don’t absolutely love The Muscle Growth Stack, just let us know, and we’ll give you a full refund on the spot. No forms or returns necessary.

Whey+ Protein Powder

Casein+ Protein Powder

Plant+ Protein Powder

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11,335 Reviews

Summary Ingredients Reviews

Get the only[10] Some popular whey protein powders are all-natural. Some contain 100% whey protein isolate. Some are made with Truly Grass Fed™ milk. But only Whey+ checks each of these boxes. 100% natural[11] Whey+ doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Whey+ contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind. whey protein isolate powder[12] Whey protein isolate is the highest quality whey protein you can buy because it has been processed to remove fat and lactose, making it at least 90% protein by weight (which means it contains minimal calories, carbs, and fat). made with Truly Grass Fed™ milk[13] Truly Grass Fed™ milk comes from hormone- and antibiotic-free cows that live how nature intended—outside, roaming and grazing on grass. from small dairy farms in Ireland renowned for their superior and sustainable farming practices.[14] Ireland produces some of the healthiest, cleanest milk in the world, and Whey+ comes from farms certified by Ireland’s Sustainable Dairy Assurance Scheme, which ensures the farmers adhere to best practices in animal welfare, sustainability, product quality, traceability, and soil and grass management.

15 peer-reviewed scientific studies support Whey+’s ingredients[15] That’s 807 pages of scientific research that shows Whey+ works exactly like we say it does.
Contains no artificial sweeteners, flavors, food dyes, or other chemical junk[16] While these types of chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why you won’t find them in Whey+.
Analyzed for purity and potency in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab[17] Every bottle is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.
Made with pure Truly Grass Fed™ milk from hormone- and antibiotic-free cows that live the way nature intended—outside, roaming and grazing on grass[18] Studies show that the more grass cows eat (instead of other types of feed such as grains or soybeans), the more nutritious their milk and beef is.
Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[19] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Whey+—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
Certified to contain no banned substances by Labdoor™, the gold standard of third-party lab testing[20] Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.
Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities

Ingredients (25 grams per serving)

Truly Grass Fed™ Whey Protein Isolate Powder (22 grams per serving)

Whey protein isolate is a form of whey protein that has been processed to remove fat and lactose. It’s the highest quality whey protein powder you can buy and is at least 90% protein by weight, which means it contains minimal calories, carbs, and fat.

Whey+ is also made with pure Truly Grass Fed™ whey protein isolate, which is made with milk from hormone- and antibiotic-free cows that live the way nature intended—outside, roaming and grazing on grass.

100% Naturally Sweetened & Flavored

While artificial sweeteners may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of these chemicals may indeed be harmful to our health.[21][22][23][24][25][26]

That’s why we use the natural sweeteners stevia and erythritol instead. Studies show that these ingredients are not only safe but can also confer several health benefits, including better insulin sensitivity, enhanced cholesterol profile, lower inflammation levels, and more.[27][28][29][30]

No Artificial Food Dyes, Fillers, or Other Unnecessary Junk

As with artificial sweeteners, artificial food dyes aren’t a hazard per se, but studies show they can cause negative effects in some people, including gastrointestinal toxicity and behavioral disorders.[31][32][33][34][35]

That’s why we use natural coloring derived from fruits and other foods, as well as natural flavoring.

Third-Party Lab Tested for Potency & Purity

Every bottle of Whey+ is analyzed in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab to verify what is and isn’t in it. That way, you know exactly what you’re getting and putting into your body.

1,893 Reviews

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Summary Ingredients Reviews

Get the only[null] Some popular casein protein powders are all-natural. Some contain 100% micellar casein. Some are made with Truly Grass Fed™ milk. But only Casein+ checks each of these boxes. 100% natural[null] Casein+ doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Casein+ contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind. micellar casein powder[null] Micellar casein is the highest quality form of casein protein you can buy because it has been produced in a way that maximally preserves its slow-digesting properties. made with Truly Grass Fed™[null] Truly Grass Fed™ milk comes from hormone- and antibiotic-free cows that live how nature intended—outside, roaming and grazing on grass. milk from small dairy farms in Ireland renowned for their healthy and sustainable farming practices.[null] Ireland produces some of the healthiest, cleanest milk in the world, and Casein+ comes from farms certified by Ireland’s Sustainable Dairy Assurance Scheme, which ensures the farmers adhere to best practices in animal welfare, sustainability, product quality, traceability, and soil and grass management.

15 peer-reviewed scientific studies support Casein+’s ingredients[null] That’s 187 pages of scientific research that shows Casein+ works exactly like we say it does.
Contains no artificial sweeteners, flavors, food dyes, or other chemical junk[null] While these types of chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why you won’t find them in Casein+.
Analyzed for purity and potency in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab[null] Every bottle of Casein+ is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.
Made with pure Truly Grass Fed™ milk from hormone- and antibiotic-free cows that live the way nature intended—outside, roaming and grazing on grass[null] Studies show that the more grass cows eat (instead of other types of feed such as grains or soybeans), the more nutritious their milk and beef is.
Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[null] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Casein+—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities

Ingredients (30 grams per serving)

Truly Grass Fed™ Micellar Casein Protein Powder (26 grams per serving)

Micellar casein is a form of casein protein that has been produced in a way that maximally preserves its slow-digesting properties.

It’s the highest quality casein protein powder you can buy and has a stellar amino acid profile, providing you with 11.4 grams of essential amino acids per serving.

Casein+ is also made with pure Truly Grass Fed™ casein protein, which is made with milk from hormone- and antibiotic-free cows that live the way nature intended—outside, roaming and grazing on grass.

100% Naturally Sweetened & Flavored

While artificial sweeteners may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of these chemicals may indeed be harmful to our health.[null][null][null][null][null][null]

No Artificial Food Dyes, Fillers, or Other Unnecessary Junk

That’s why we use natural coloring derived from fruits and other foods, as well as natural flavoring.

Third-Party Lab Tested for Potency & Purity

Every bottle of Casein+ is analyzed in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab to verify what is and isn’t in it. That way, you know exactly what you’re getting and putting into your body.

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1,333 Reviews

Summary Ingredients Reviews

Get our 100% natural[null] Plant+ doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Plant+ contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind. and vegan-friendly plant-based protein powder with a premium blend of rice and pea protein[null] When combined, rice and pea protein are often called the “vegan’s whey” because their robust amino acid profile is similar to whey protein. and no animal-derived ingredients or added sugars.

18 peer-reviewed scientific studies support Plant+’s ingredients[null] That’s 211 pages of scientific research that shows Plant+ works exactly like we say it does.
Contains no artificial sweeteners, flavors, food dyes, or other chemical junk[null] While these types of chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why you won’t find them in Plant+.
Analyzed for purity and potency in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab[null] Every bottle of Plant+ is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.
Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[null] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Plant+—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities
Backed by our “No Return Necessary” money-back guarantee that works like this: If you don’t absolutely love Plant+, just let us know, and we’ll give you a full refund on the spot. No forms or returns necessary.

Ingredients (30 grams per serving)

Rice & Pea Protein Powder (25 grams per serving)

Plant+ contains a blend of rice and pea protein powder because they’re easily digested, well absorbed, and, together, provide an abundance of essential amino acids.

Rice protein is a top-tier source of vegan protein because it’s absorbed well by the body and boasts a robust amino acid profile, similar to soy protein’s.[null][null]

Pea protein’s main strengths are its high bioavailability and abundance of leucine, which is the essential amino acid most directly responsible for muscle building.[null]

Rice and pea protein go well together, too, because when combined, their amino acid profile looks a lot like whey’s. In fact, this mixture is often referred to as the “vegan’s whey.”

100% Naturally Sweetened & Flavored

No Artificial Food Dyes, Fillers, or Other Unnecessary Junk

That’s why we use natural coloring derived from fruits and other foods, as well as natural flavoring.

Third-Party Lab Tested for Potency & Purity

Every bottle of Plant+ is analyzed in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab to verify what is and isn’t in it. That way, you know exactly what you’re getting and putting into your body.

Pulse Stim-Free Pre-Workout

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Limited Stock

21,187 Reviews

Summary Ingredients Reviews

Get the only[36] Some popular pre-workouts are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only Pulse checks each of these boxes. natural[37] Pulse doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Pulse contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind. pre-workout supplement with clinically effective doses[38] Every serving of Pulse contains 15.1 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research. of 6 scientifically proven ingredients[39] Every active ingredient in Pulse is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans. for more energy, focus, and strength without the jitters, upset stomach, or post-workout crash.[40] Pulse contains no harsh stimulants that wind you up and burn you out. Instead, it contains a 1:1 ratio of caffeine and L-theanine, which produces a smooth energy rush and comfortable comedown.

54 peer-reviewed scientific studies support Pulse’s combination of ingredients and doses[41] That’s 508 pages of scientific research that shows Pulse works the way we say it does.
Contains no artificial sweeteners, flavors, food dyes, or other chemical junk[42] While these types of chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why you won’t find them in Pulse.
Analyzed for purity and potency in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab[43] Every bottle of Pulse is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.
Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[44] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Pulse—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
Certified to contain no banned substances by Labdoor™, the gold standard of third-party lab testing[45] Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.
Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities

Ingredients (15.1 grams per serving)

Caffeine (350 milligrams per serving)

Many of us can’t shake the cobwebs without our morning cup of coffee, but this powerful compound is a lot more than a mere pick-me-up.

Caffeine also boosts metabolism, improves strength, promotes muscle endurance, and enhances anaerobic performance.[46][47][48]

The clinically effective dose of caffeine for enhancing performance is between 3 and 6 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.[49]

L-Theanine (350 milligrams per serving)

L-theanine is an amino acid found primarily in tea that’s responsible for some of its health benefits.

It helps balance the levels of two chemicals in the brain known as glutamate and GABA, which transmit nerve impulses.

That’s why research shows that supplementation with L-theanine . . .

Reduces the effects of mental stress[50]
Increases the production of nitric oxide, which improves blood flow[51]
When paired with caffeine, improves mood, memory performance, and attention[52][53][54][55]

The clinically effective dose of L-theanine when combined with caffeine is between a ratio of 1:1 and 2:1 theanine to caffeine, but as 2:1 may produce a calming effect, 1:1 is optimal for working out.

Citrulline Malate (8 grams per serving)

Citrulline malate is the amino acid L-citrulline bound with malic acid, a natural substance found in many fruits that is involved in the creation of cellular energy.

L-citrulline turns into another amino acid in the body known as L-arginine, which increases the production of a gas known as nitric oxide that widens blood vessels and improves blood flow.[56][57]

This is why research shows that supplementation with citrulline malate . . .

Improves muscle endurance[58][59][60]
Relieves muscle soreness[61]
Improves aerobic performance[62][63]

The clinically effective dose of citrulline malate is between 4 and 10 grams.

Beta-Alanine (3.6 grams per serving)

Beta-alanine is a naturally occurring amino acid that regulates the amount of the molecule carnosine that can be stored in the muscles.[64]

Carnosine reduces muscle acidity, which increases the amount of work that muscles can do before they become fatigued.[65]

This is why research shows that supplementation with beta-alanine . . .

Reduces exercise-induced fatigue[66][67][68][69]
Improves anaerobic exercise capacity[70][71][72][73][74]
Increases potential workload, which can lead to an increase in lean mass[75][76]
Reduces feelings of fatigue during exercise[77][78][79]

The clinically effective dose of beta-alanine is between 2.6 and 6.4 grams.

We chose to include 3.6 grams of beta-alanine per serving because it provides significant performance benefits while also minimizing the common and harmless side effect of a mild prickling, itching, or tingling of the skin.[80]

Alpha-GPC (300 milligrams per serving)

Alpha-glycerophosphocholine (also known as alpha-GPC and glycerophosphocholine) is a compound that contains two molecules known as choline and glycerophosphate.

Choline is a nutrient that’s vital for brain health and function, and glycerophosphate is a substance that helps transport choline to the brain.

When ingested, alpha-GPC increases the activity of a chemical in the brain known as acetylcholine, which is used by nerves to communicate with each other, and provides the brain with glycerophosphate, which can improve its health and function.

This is why research shows that supplementation with alpha-GPC . . .

Increases power output[81]
Mitigates cognitive decline as we age[82]
Increases growth hormone levels[83]

The clinically effective dose of alpha-GPC is between 150 and 1,200 milligrams, with 250 to 500 milligrams sufficient for cognitive benefits and higher doses required for affecting dementia.[84]

We chose to include 300 milligrams of alpha-GPC (50%) per serving because it’s enough to provide some benefit without eating up too much budget that we’d rather spend on other ingredients.

Furthermore, this dose reduces the likelihood of headaches in people who are using Pulse and Forge together, and especially in people who are using Pulse, Forge, and Ascend together.

Betaine (2.5 grams per serving)

Betaine (also known as trimethylglycine) is an amino acid found in various foods like beets (hence the name), spinach, and quinoa.

Betaine’s rich in a special molecule known as a methyl group, which is a vital component of many physiological functions, including DNA production, fat metabolism, cellular energy production, and more.

Betaine’s also an osmolyte, which is a substance that helps balance fluid levels inside and outside cells.

These two properties are beneficial during times of physical stress, and this is why studies show that betaine boosts muscle endurance and increases strength.[85][86]

The clinically effective dose of betaine is between 1.25 and 2.5 grams.

100% Naturally Sweetened & Flavored

While artificial sweeteners may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of these chemicals may indeed be harmful to our health.[87][88][89][90][91][92]

No Artificial Food Dyes, Fillers, or Other Unnecessary Junk

That’s why we use natural coloring derived from fruits and other foods, as well as natural flavoring.

Third-Party Lab Tested for Potency & Purity

Every bottle of Pulse is analyzed in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab to verify what is and isn’t in it. That way, you know exactly what you’re getting and putting into your body.

21,187 Reviews

Summary Ingredients Reviews

Get the only[null] Some stim-free pre-workouts are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only Pulse checks each of these boxes. natural[null] Pulse doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Pulse contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind. stim-free pre-workout supplement with clinically effective doses[null] Every serving of Pulse contains 14.4 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research. of 4 scientifically proven ingredients[null] Every active ingredient in Pulse is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans. for more strength and stamina and less fatigue without the jitters, upset stomach, or post-workout crash.[null] Stim-free Pulse contains no stimulants of any kind, so it won’t wind you up and burn you out.

45 peer-reviewed scientific studies support Pulse’s combination of ingredients and doses[null] That’s 436 pages of scientific research that shows Pulse works the way we say it does.
Contains no artificial sweeteners, flavors, food dyes, or other chemical junk[null] While these chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why we don’t put any of them into our products.
Analyzed for purity and potency in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab[null] Every bottle of Pulse is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.
Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[null] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Pulse—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
Certified to contain no banned substances by Labdoor™, the gold standard of third-party lab testing[null] Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.
Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities

Ingredients (14.4 grams per serving)

Citrulline Malate (8 grams per serving)

Citrulline malate is the amino acid L-citrulline bound with malic acid, a natural substance found in many fruits that is involved in the creation of cellular energy.

This is why research shows that supplementation with citrulline malate . . .

Improves muscle endurance[null][null][null]
Relieves muscle soreness[null]
Improves aerobic performance[null][null]

The clinically effective dose of citrulline malate is between 4 and 10 grams.

Beta-Alanine (3.6 grams per serving)

Beta-alanine is a naturally occurring amino acid that regulates the amount of the molecule carnosine that can be stored in the muscles.[null]

Carnosine reduces muscle acidity, which increases the amount of work that muscles can do before they become fatigued.[null]

This is why research shows that supplementation with beta-alanine . . .

Reduces exercise-induced fatigue[null][null][null][null]
Improves anaerobic exercise capacity[null][null][null][null][null]
Increases potential workload, which can lead to an increase in lean mass[null][null]
Reduces feelings of fatigue during exercise[null][null][null]

The clinically effective dose of beta-alanine is between 2.6 and 6.4 grams.

Alpha-GPC (300 milligrams per serving)

Alpha-glycerophosphocholine (also known as alpha-GPC and glycerophosphocholine) is a compound that contains two molecules known as choline and glycerophosphate.

Choline is a nutrient that’s vital for brain health and function, and glycerophosphate is a substance that helps transport choline to the brain.

This is why research shows that supplementation with alpha-GPC . . .

Increases power output[null]
Mitigates cognitive decline as we age[null]
Increases growth hormone levels[null]

The clinically effective dose of alpha-GPC is between 150 and 1,200 milligrams, with 250 to 500 milligrams sufficient for cognitive benefits and higher doses required for affecting dementia.[null]

We chose to include 300 milligrams of alpha-GPC (50%) per serving because it’s enough to provide some benefit without eating up too much budget that we’d rather spend on other ingredients.

Furthermore, this dose reduces the likelihood of headaches in people who are using Pulse and Forge together, and especially in people who are using Pulse, Forge, and Ascend together.

Betaine (2.5 grams per serving)

Betaine (also known as trimethylglycine) is an amino acid found in various foods like beets (hence the name), spinach, and quinoa.

Betaine’s also an osmolyte, which is a substance that helps balance fluid levels inside and outside cells.

These two properties are beneficial during times of physical stress, and this is why studies show that betaine boosts muscle endurance and increases strength.[null][null]

The clinically effective dose of betaine is between 1.25 and 2.5 grams.

100% Naturally Sweetened & Flavored

No Artificial Food Dyes, Fillers, or Other Unnecessary Junk

That’s why we use natural coloring derived from fruits and other foods, as well as natural flavoring.

Third-Party Lab Tested for Potency & Purity

Every bottle of Pulse is analyzed in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab to verify what is and isn’t in it. That way, you know exactly what you’re getting and putting into your body.

Limited Stock Limited Stock

Limited Stock

Recharge Post-Workout

Limited Stock Limited Stock

Limited Stock

6,676 Reviews

Summary Ingredients Reviews

Get our natural[102] Some popular post-workout supplements are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only Recharge checks each of these boxes. post-workout supplement with clinically effective doses[103] Every serving of Recharge contains 7.1 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research. of 3 ingredients scientifically shown[104] Each active ingredient in Recharge is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans. to increase muscle and strength gain, improve recovery, and reduce muscle soreness.

44 peer-reviewed scientific studies support Recharge’s combination of ingredients and doses[105] That’s 486 pages of scientific research that shows Recharge works exactly like we say it does
Contains no artificial sweeteners, flavors, food dyes, or other chemical junk[106] While these types of chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why you won’t find them in Recharge.
Analyzed for purity and potency in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab[107] Every bottle of Recharge is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.
Total formulation transparency (no proprietary blends)[108] This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Recharge—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.
Certified to contain no banned substances by Labdoor™, the gold standard of third-party lab testing[109] Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.
Made in the USA with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified and FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities

Ingredients (7.11 grams per serving)

Micronized Creatine Monohydrate (5 grams per serving)

Creatine is a natural compound made up of the amino acids L-arginine, glycine, and methionine. Our body can produce creatine naturally, but it can also absorb and store creatine found in various foods like meat, eggs, and fish.

Creatine monohydrate is creatine with one molecule of water attached to it. This form of creatine has been around (and studied) for decades and is a tried-and-true winner, whereas other forms have failed to produce better results.

The creatine monohydrate in Recharge has also been micronized, which is a process that produces very fine particles that are more water soluble and easier to digest. Thus, micronized creatine monohydrate mixes better with liquid than the non-micronized form and is less likely to upset sensitive stomachs.

Research shows that supplementation with creatine monohydrate . . .

Boosts muscle and strength gain[110][111][112][113]
Improves anaerobic endurance[114][115][116][117][118][119]
Reduces muscle damage and soreness from exercise[120][121]
Increases the amount of glycogen your muscles can store[122]
Helps preserve lean mass and strength while restricting calories[123]

And in case you’re worried that creatine is bad for your kidneys, these claims have been horribly overblown.[124][125] Creatine supplementation isn’t advised in cases of kidney disease treated by diuretics, but in healthy people, both short- and long-term usage of creatine has no harmful side effects.[126][127][128]

The clinically effective dose of creatine monohydrate is 3 to 5 grams.[129]

L-Carnitine L-Tartrate (2.1 grams per serving)

L-carnitine is a naturally occurring amino acid found mostly in meat and dairy products. It’s “conditionally essential,” which means our body can produce it as long as we’re also eating enough of two other amino acids it can’t produce, lysine and methionine.

L-tartrate is a salt used to increase the absorption of other nutrients.

L-carnitine serves several vital functions in the body, mostly related to the production of cellular energy.[130] Thus, it’s not surprising that most of the L-carnitine in your body is found in your muscles, which have to be able to quickly generate a tremendous amount of energy.[131]

Additionally, when you supplement with L-carnitine, you greatly increase your body’s carnitine stores, and your muscles’ stores in particular.[132] This is why research shows that supplementation with L-carnitine L-tartrate . . .

Reduces exercise-induced muscle damage and soreness[133][134][135]
Improves muscle repair[136]
Improves insulin sensitivity[137]

The clinically effective dose of L-carnitine L-tartrate is 1 to 2 grams.[138]

Corosolic Acid (10.5 milligrams per serving)

Corosolic acid is a substance that comes from the leaves of the banaba plant.

It inhibits the activity of an enzyme that blunts insulin’s effects on cells called PTB1B, and by doing this, allows insulin to shuttle more nutrients into cells.

This is why research shows that supplementation with corosolic acid improves blood glucose control and enhances insulin signaling, which in turn enhances post-workout nutrient absorption.[139]

The clinically effective dose of corosolic acid is 10 milligrams.[140]

100% Naturally Sweetened & Flavored

While artificial sweeteners may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of these chemicals may indeed be harmful to our health.[141][142][143][144][145][146]

No Artificial Food Dyes, Fillers, or Other Unnecessary Junk

That’s why we use natural coloring derived from fruits and other foods, as well as natural flavoring.

Third-Party Lab Tested for Potency & Purity

Every bottle of Recharge is analyzed in a state-of-the-art ISO 17025 accredited lab to verify what is and isn’t in it. That way, you know exactly what you’re getting and putting into your body.

Notice to California Consumers

WARNING: Consuming this product can expose you to chemicals including lead which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov/food.

See how Legion compares to the rest.

Whey+Protein Powder Casein+Protein Powder Plant+Protein Powder PulsePre-Workout PulseStim-Free RechargePost-Workout

Protein Per Serving
Calories Per Serving
100% Whey Protein Isolate
Certified Truly
Grass-Fed™
No Added Sugars
Naturally Sweetened
& Flavored
Third-Party Lab Tested
Labdoor Ranking
Price Per Serving

Legion Whey+
Protein Powder
21–23 g
100–130
A
$1.601.60

Gold Standard
100% Whey
24 g
110–130
C
$1.21

Pro JYM
Protein Blend
24 g
140–170
$1.40

PEScience
Select Protein
23–24 g
120
$1.30

Protein Per Serving
Calories Per Serving
100% Micellar Casein Protein
Certified Truly
Grass-Fed™
No Added Sugars
Naturally Sweetened
& Flavored
Third-Party Lab Tested
Labdoor
Certified Brand
Price Per Serving

Legion Casein+
Protein Powder
25–26 g
110–140
$1.601.60

Gold Standard
100% Casein
24 g
120
$1.44

Pro JYM
Protein Blend
24 g
140–170
$1.40

PEScience
Select Protein
23–24 g
120
$1.30

Protein Per Serving
Calories Per Serving
Pea & Rice Protein
No Added Sugars
Naturally Sweetened
& Flavored
Third-Party Lab Tested
Labdoor Certified Brand
Price Per Serving

Legion
Plant+
24–25 g
130–140
$2.002.00

Vega
Protein
15 g
100
$1.20

Plant
Jym
24 g
140
$1.67

PEScience Select
Plant Protein
20 g
100–130
$1.48

Active Ingredients
Clinically Effective Ingredients & Doses
Caffeine
Citrulline Malate
Beta-Alanine
Betaine
L-Theanine
Alpha-GPC
Naturally Sweetened
& Flavored
Third-Party Lab Tested
Labdoor Ranking
Price Per Serving

Legion Pulse
Pre-Workout
15,100 mg
per serving
350 mg
per serving
8,000 mg
per serving
3,600 mg
per serving
2,500 mg
per serving
350 mg
per serving
300 mg
per serving
A-
$1.801.80

Pre JYM
Pre-Workout
20,955 mg
per serving
300 mg
per serving
6,000 mg
per serving
2,000 mg
per serving
1,500 mg
per serving
150 mg
per serving
$1.66

PEScience
Prolific Pre-Workout
10,970 mg
per serving
320 mg
per seving
6,000 mg
per serving
2,500 mg
per serving
200 mg
per serving
$1.75

C4
Pre-Workout
4,025 mg
pre serving
150 mg
per serving
1,600 mg
per serving
C-
$1.00

Active Ingredients
Clinically Effective Ingredients & Doses
Citrulline Malate
Beta-Alanine
Betaine
Alpha-GPC
Naturally Sweetened
& Flavored
Third-Party Lab Tested
Labdoor Ranking
Price Per Serving

Legion Pulse
Stim-Free Pre-Workout
14,400 mg
per serving
8,000 mg
per serving
3,600 mg
per serving
2,500 mg
per serving
300 mg
per serving
A-
$1.801.80

Pre-Kaged
Stimulant Free
23,050 mg
per serving
6,500 mg
per serving
1,600 mg
per serving
2,500 mg
per serving
$1.99

PEScience
High Volume
10,750 mg
per serving
4,000 mg
per serving
$1.94

C4
NO3 Ultimate
7,180 mg
per serving
4,000 mg
per serving
$1.99

The #1 brand of natural sports supplements.

5+ million bottles sold to 1+ million customers who have left us 45,000+ 5-star reviews.

Natural Ingredients

The Muscle Growth Stack doesn't just “contain natural ingredients”—every ingredient is naturally sourced. We don’t use artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.

Clinically Effective Ingredients & Doses

Every ingredient and dose (important!) in The Muscle Growth Stack is backed by peer-reviewed scientific research demonstrating clear benefits.

Naturally Sweetened & Flavored

The Muscle Growth Stack is naturally sweetened and flavored with healthy, plant-based sweeteners and flavors.

Third-Party Lab Tested

The Muscle Growth Stack is tested by third-party labs for heavy metals, microbes, allergens, and other contaminants to ensure it meets FDA purity standards.

Made in the USA

The Muscle Growth Stack is made in America with globally sourced ingredients in NSF-certified, FDA-inspected facilities that adhere to Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) standards.

"No Return Necessary"
Money-Back Guarantee

If you don't absolutely love The Muscle Growth Stack, you get a prompt and courteous refund. No forms or returns necessary.

Trusted by scientists, doctors, and everyday fitness folk alike.

"When it comes to quality and integrity, Legion is among the best. Their products only include ingredients that are backed by research and in doses that are proven to be effective in scientific studies."

Sal Di Stefano, Justin Andrews, and Adam Schafer
Hosts of The Mind Pump Podcast
"Legion is science-based at its core. Not only do they dose all of their products based on the clinical doses proven to be effective by scientific studies, they go above and beyond the their competitors by funding new research."

Dr. Bill Campbell, PhD
Professor of Exercise Science at University of South Florida
"Legion is a tremendous company run by people I trust and respect. The quality of their supplements is second to no one. And while I don’t use many supplements, the only ones I do come from Legion."

Jordan Syatt
Strength and Nutrition Coach
"There are a lot of sleazy supplement companies out there, but Legion is not one of them. Their products are free of fillers and inactive ingredients and they take the time (and money) to test them with independent labs to ensure you're getting what you pay for."

Dr. Spencer Nadolsky, MD
Board-Certified Family Medicine Physician and a Diplomate of the American Board of Obesity Medicine
"Legion consults with nutrition experts to make honest, science-based products and then proves they're genuine with independent lab work. That's how all supplement companies should operate."

Menno Henselmans, MS
Founder of Bayesian Bodybuilding, Published Scientist, and Physique Coach
"With Legion, you really do get what you pay for. Each and every product is packed with effective doses of effective ingredients, and what’s on the label is what's actually in the bottle."

Kurtis Frank
Co-Founder and Former Lead Researcher & Writer of Examine.com
"There are three reasons I like Legion. First, they use ingredients backed by independent, peer-reviewed scientific studies. Second, the quality of their supplements exceeds many in the industry and you know you’re getting what’s on the label. Third, Mike Matthews is a solid evidence-based guy who doesn’t over-hype."

James Krieger, MS
Published Scientist, Author, and Speaker
"Legion is the only company doing everything right. They make effective products that are backed by scientific evidence, properly dose all of their ingredients, source every ingredient from the highest-quality sources, and are transparent about exactly what goes in each and every product."

Chris Barakat, MS
Published Scientist and Physique Coach

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I use The Muscle Growth Stack?

Is The Muscle Growth Stack for men and women?

Should I use The Muscle Growth Stack when I’m dieting for fat loss or only when I’m dieting for muscle growth?

Can I take these products while pregnant/nursing?

Should I choose Pulse with or without caffeine?

Should I take these products every day or only on training days?

How quickly will I see results?

What does the Prop65 warning on the labels mean?

Is The Muscle Growth Stack gluten-free, vegetarian, or vegan?

+References

Some popular performance supplements are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only The Muscle Growth Stack checks each of these boxes.↑

The Muscle Growth Stack doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. The Muscle Growth Stack contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.↑

Every serving of The Muscle Growth Stack contains 44.243.548.247.546.245.5 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research.↑

Each active ingredient in The Muscle Growth Stack is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans.↑

That’s 807735807735831759 pages of scientific research that shows The Muscle Growth Stack works exactly like we say it does.↑

While these types of chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why you won’t find them in The Muscle Growth Stack.↑

Every bottle is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.↑

This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of The Muscle Growth Stack—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.↑

Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.↑

10.

Some popular whey protein powders are all-natural. Some contain 100% whey protein isolate. Some are made with Truly Grass Fed™ milk. But only Whey+ checks each of these boxes.↑

11.

Whey+ doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Whey+ contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.↑

12.

Whey protein isolate is the highest quality whey protein you can buy because it has been processed to remove fat and lactose, making it at least 90% protein by weight (which means it contains minimal calories, carbs, and fat).↑

13.

Truly Grass Fed™ milk comes from hormone- and antibiotic-free cows that live how nature intended—outside, roaming and grazing on grass.↑

14.

Ireland produces some of the healthiest, cleanest milk in the world, and Whey+ comes from farms certified by Ireland’s Sustainable Dairy Assurance Scheme, which ensures the farmers adhere to best practices in animal welfare, sustainability, product quality, traceability, and soil and grass management.↑

15.

That’s 187 pages of scientific research that shows Whey+ works exactly like we say it does.↑

16.

17.

Every bottle of Whey+ is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.↑

18.

Studies show that the more grass cows eat (instead of other types of feed such as grains or soybeans), the more nutritious their milk and beef is.↑

19.

This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Whey+—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.↑

20.

Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.↑

21. Artificial Sweeteners: History and New Concepts on Inflammation.

Basson AR, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Front Nutr. 2021;8:746247. Published 2021 Sep 24. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.746247.↑

22. Non-caloric artificial sweeteners and the microbiome: findings and challenges.

Suez J, Korem T, Zilberman-Schapira G, Segal E, Elinav E. Gut Microbes. 2015;6(2):149-155. doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1017700.↑

23. What made Canada become a country with the highest incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: could sucralose be the culprit?

Qin X. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;25(9):511.↑

24. Artificial Sweeteners Negatively Regulate Pathogenic Characteristics of Two Model Gut Bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis.

Shil A, Chichger H. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(10):5228. Published 2021 May 15. doi:10.3390/ijms22105228.↑

25. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota.

Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, et al. Nature. 2014;514(7521):181-186. doi:10.1038/nature13793.↑

26. High-intensity sweetener consumption and gut microbiome content and predicted gene function in a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States.

Frankenfeld CL, Sikaroodi M, Lamb E, Shoemaker S, Gillevet PM. Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25(10):736-42.e4. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.06.083.↑

27. Steviol glycosides from Stevia: biosynthesis pathway review and their application in foods and medicine.

Yadav SK, Guleria P. CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012;52(11):988-98. ↑

28. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic and renal protective properties of Stevia rebaudiana.

Shivanna N, Naika M, Khanum F, Kaul VK. Department of Applied Nutrition, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India. J Diabetes Complications. 2013 Mar-Apr;27(2):103-13. ↑

29. Safety evaluation of certain food additives.

World Health Organization. WHO Press; 2006. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241660546_eng.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2019.↑

30. Effects of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) extract and N-nitro-L-arginine on renal function and ultrastructure of kidney cells in experimental type 2 Diabetes.

Ozbayer C, Kurt H, Kalender S, Ozden H, Gunes HV, Basaran A, Cakmak EA, Civi K, Kalender Y, Degirmenci I. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey. J Med Food. 2011 Oct;14(10):1215-22. ↑

31. Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota.

Feng J, Cerniglia CE, Chen H. Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, AR , USA. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4:568-86. ↑

32. Artificial food dyes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Kanarek RB. Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA. Nutr Rev. 2011 Jul;69(7):385-91. ↑

33. Meta-analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction diet, and synthetic food color additives.

Nigg JT, Lewis K, Edinger T, Falk M. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;51(1):86-97.e8. ↑

34. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

McCann D, Barrett A, Cooper A, Crumpler D, Dalen L, Grimshaw K, Kitchin E, Lok K, Porteous L, Prince E, Sonuga-Barke E, Warner JO, Stevenson J. School of Psychology, Department of Child Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. Lancet. 2007 Nov 3;370(9598):1560-7. ↑

35. Effect of food azo dye tartrazine on learning and memory functions in mice and rats, and the possible mechanisms involved.

Gao Y, Li C, Shen J, Yin H, An X, Jin H. Scientific and Technological College of Chemistry and Biology, Yantai Univ., Yantai, PR China. J Food Sci. 2011 Aug;76(6):T125-9. ↑

null.

Some popular casein protein powders are all-natural. Some contain 100% micellar casein. Some are made with Truly Grass Fed™ milk. But only Casein+ checks each of these boxes. ↑

null.

Casein+ doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Casein+ contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.↑

null.

Micellar casein is the highest quality form of casein protein you can buy because it has been produced in a way that maximally preserves its slow-digesting properties.↑

null.

Truly Grass Fed™ milk comes from hormone- and antibiotic-free cows that live how nature intended—outside, roaming and grazing on grass.↑

null.

Ireland produces some of the healthiest, cleanest milk in the world, and Casein+ comes from farms certified by Ireland’s Sustainable Dairy Assurance Scheme, which ensures the farmers adhere to best practices in animal welfare, sustainability, product quality, traceability, and soil and grass management.↑

null.

That’s 187 pages of scientific research that shows Casein+ works exactly like we say it does.↑

null.

Every bottle of Casein+ is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.↑

null.

Studies show that the more grass cows eat (instead of other types of feed such as grains or soybeans), the more nutritious their milk and beef is.↑

null.

This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Casein+—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.↑

null. Artificial Sweeteners: History and New Concepts on Inflammation.

Basson AR, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Front Nutr. 2021;8:746247. Published 2021 Sep 24. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.746247.↑

null. Non-caloric artificial sweeteners and the microbiome: findings and challenges.

Suez J, Korem T, Zilberman-Schapira G, Segal E, Elinav E. Gut Microbes. 2015;6(2):149-155. doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1017700.↑

null. What made Canada become a country with the highest incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: could sucralose be the culprit?

Qin X. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;25(9):511. ↑

null. Artificial Sweeteners Negatively Regulate Pathogenic Characteristics of Two Model Gut Bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis.

Shil A, Chichger H. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(10):5228. Published 2021 May 15. doi:10.3390/ijms22105228.↑

null. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota.

Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, et al. Nature. 2014;514(7521):181-186. doi:10.1038/nature13793.↑

null. High-intensity sweetener consumption and gut microbiome content and predicted gene function in a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States.

Frankenfeld CL, Sikaroodi M, Lamb E, Shoemaker S, Gillevet PM. Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25(10):736-42.e4. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.06.083.↑

null. Steviol glycosides from Stevia: biosynthesis pathway review and their application in foods and medicine.

Yadav SK, Guleria P. CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012;52(11):988-98. ↑

null. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic and renal protective properties of Stevia rebaudiana.

Shivanna N, Naika M, Khanum F, Kaul VK. Department of Applied Nutrition, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India. J Diabetes Complications. 2013 Mar-Apr;27(2):103-13. ↑

null. Safety evaluation of certain food additives.

World Health Organization. WHO Press; 2006. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241660546_eng.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2019. ↑

null. Effects of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) extract and N-nitro-L-arginine on renal function and ultrastructure of kidney cells in experimental type 2 Diabetes.

null. Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota.

Feng J, Cerniglia CE, Chen H. Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, AR , USA. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4:568-86. ↑

null. Artificial food dyes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Kanarek RB. Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA. Nutr Rev. 2011 Jul;69(7):385-91. ↑

null. Meta-analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction diet, and synthetic food color additives.

Nigg JT, Lewis K, Edinger T, Falk M. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;51(1):86-97.e8. ↑

null. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

null. Effect of food azo dye tartrazine on learning and memory functions in mice and rats, and the possible mechanisms involved.

Gao Y, Li C, Shen J, Yin H, An X, Jin H. Scientific and Technological College of Chemistry and Biology, Yantai Univ., Yantai, PR China. J Food Sci. 2011 Aug;76(6):T125-9. ↑

null.

Plant+ doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Plant+ contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.↑

null.

When combined, rice and pea protein are often called the “vegan’s whey” because their robust amino acid profile is similar to whey protein.↑

null.

That’s 211 pages of scientific research that shows Plant+ works exactly like we say it does.↑

null.

Every bottle of Plant+ is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.↑

null.

This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Plant+—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.↑

null. The effects of 8 weeks of whey or rice protein supplementation on body composition and exercise performance.

Joy JM, Lowery RP, Wilson JM, Purpura M, De Souza EO, Wilson SM, Kalman DS, Dudeck JE, Jäger R. Nutr J. 2013 Jun 20;12:86. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-86. ↑

null. Amino Acid Composition of an Organic Brown Rice Protein Concentrate and Isolate Compared to Soy and Whey Concentrates and Isolates.

Kalman DS. Foods. 2014 Jun 30;3(3):394-402. doi: 10.3390/foods3030394. ↑

null. The influence of the albumin fraction on the bioavailability and postprandial utilization of pea protein given selectively to humans.

Mariotti F, Pueyo ME, Tomé D, Bérot S, Benamouzig R, Mahé S. J Nutr. 2001 Jun;131(6):1706-13. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.6.1706. ↑

null. Artificial Sweeteners: History and New Concepts on Inflammation.

Basson AR, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Front Nutr. 2021;8:746247. Published 2021 Sep 24. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.746247.↑

null. Non-caloric artificial sweeteners and the microbiome: findings and challenges.

Suez J, Korem T, Zilberman-Schapira G, Segal E, Elinav E. Gut Microbes. 2015;6(2):149-155. doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1017700.↑

null. What made Canada become a country with the highest incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: could sucralose be the culprit?

Qin X. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;25(9):511. ↑

null. Artificial Sweeteners Negatively Regulate Pathogenic Characteristics of Two Model Gut Bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis.

Shil A, Chichger H. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(10):5228. Published 2021 May 15. doi:10.3390/ijms22105228.↑

null. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota.

Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, et al. Nature. 2014;514(7521):181-186. doi:10.1038/nature13793.↑

null. High-intensity sweetener consumption and gut microbiome content and predicted gene function in a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States.

Frankenfeld CL, Sikaroodi M, Lamb E, Shoemaker S, Gillevet PM. Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25(10):736-42.e4. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.06.083.↑

null. Steviol glycosides from Stevia: biosynthesis pathway review and their application in foods and medicine.

Yadav SK, Guleria P. CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012;52(11):988-98. ↑

null. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic and renal protective properties of Stevia rebaudiana.

Shivanna N, Naika M, Khanum F, Kaul VK. Department of Applied Nutrition, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India. J Diabetes Complications. 2013 Mar-Apr;27(2):103-13. ↑

null. Safety evaluation of certain food additives.

World Health Organization. WHO Press; 2006. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241660546_eng.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2019.↑

null. Effects of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) extract and N-nitro-L-arginine on renal function and ultrastructure of kidney cells in experimental type 2 Diabetes.

null. Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota.

Feng J, Cerniglia CE, Chen H. Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, AR , USA. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4:568-86. ↑

null. Artificial food dyes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Kanarek RB. Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA. Nutr Rev. 2011 Jul;69(7):385-91. ↑

null. Meta-analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction diet, and synthetic food color additives.

Nigg JT, Lewis K, Edinger T, Falk M. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;51(1):86-97.e8. ↑

null. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

null. Effect of food azo dye tartrazine on learning and memory functions in mice and rats, and the possible mechanisms involved.

Gao Y, Li C, Shen J, Yin H, An X, Jin H. Scientific and Technological College of Chemistry and Biology, Yantai Univ., Yantai, PR China. J Food Sci. 2011 Aug;76(6):T125-9. ↑

36.

Some popular pre-workouts are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only Pulse checks each of these boxes.↑

37.

Pulse doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Pulse contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.↑

38.

Every serving of Pulse contains 15.1 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research.↑

39.

Every active ingredient in Pulse is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans.↑

40.

Pulse contains no harsh stimulants that wind you up and burn you out. Instead, it contains a 1:1 ratio of caffeine and L-theanine, which produces a smooth energy rush and comfortable comedown.↑

41.

That’s 508 pages of scientific research that shows Pulse works the way we say it does.↑

42.

43.

Every bottle of Pulse is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.↑

44.

This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Pulse—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.↑

45.

Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.↑

46. Caffeine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of its thermogenic, metabolic, and cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteers.

Astrup A, Toubro S, Cannon S, Hein P, Breum L, Madsen J. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51(5):759-767. doi:10.1093/ajcn/51.5.759.↑

47. Effect of caffeine ingestion on one-repetition maximum muscular strength.

Astorino TA, Rohmann RL, Firth K. Department of Kinesiology, CSU - San Marcos, San Marcos, CA. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Jan;102(2):127-32. ↑

48. The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic capabilities.

Beck TW, Housh TJ, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO, Housh DJ, Coburn JW, Malek MH. Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Aug;20(3):506-10. ↑

49. Effect of caffeine on sport-specific endurance performance: a systematic review.

Ganio MS, Klau JF, Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Maresh CM. Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Jan;23(1):315-24. ↑

50. L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses.

Kimura K, Ozeki M, Juneja LR, Ohira H. Nagoya University Department of Psychology, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. Biol Psychol. 2007 Jan;74(1):39-45. ↑

51. L-theanine promotes nitric oxide production in endothelial cells through eNOS phosphorylation.

Siamwala JH, Dias PM, Majumder S, Joshi MK, Sinkar VP, Banerjee G, Chatterjee S. Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chennai, India. J Nutr Biochem. 2013 Mar;24(3):595-605. ↑

52. Psychological effects of dietary components of tea: caffeine and L-theanine.

Bryan J. School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, South Australia, Australia. Nutr Rev. 2008 Feb;66(2):82-90. ↑

53. L-theanine and caffeine improve task switching but not intersensory attention or subjective alertness.

Einöther SJ, Martens VE, Rycroft JA, De Bruin EA. Sensation, Perception & Behaviour, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands. Appetite. 2010 Apr;54(2):406-9. ↑

54. The effects of L-theanine on alpha-band oscillatory brain activity during a visuo-spatial attention task.

Gomez-Ramirez M, Kelly SP, Montesi JL, Foxe JJ. Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA. Brain Topogr. 2009 Jun;22(1):44-51. ↑

55. l-Theanine and caffeine improve target-specific attention to visual stimuli by decreasing mind wandering: a human functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Kahathuduwa CN, Dhanasekara CS, Chin S-H, et al. Nutr Res. 2018;49:67-78. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.11.002.↑

56. Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function (Articulo de revision).

Förstermann U, Sessa WC. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(7):829-837, 837a-837d. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr304.↑

57. Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS.

Zhao Y, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. J Pharmacol Sci. 2015;129(2):83-94. doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2015.09.002.↑

58. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.

Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Department of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1215-22. ↑

59. Acute citrulline malate supplementation improves upper- and lower-body submaximal weightlifting exercise performance in resistance-trained females.

Glenn JM, Gray M, Wethington LN, Stone MS, Stewart RW, Moyen NE. Eur J Nutr. 2017;56(2):775-784. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1124-6.↑

60. Acute citrulline-malate supplementation improves maximal strength and anaerobic power in female, masters athletes tennis players.

Glenn JM, Gray M, Jensen A, Stone MS, Vincenzo JL. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016;16(8):1095-1103. doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1158321.↑

61. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.

Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Department of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1215-22. ↑

62. Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle.

Bendahan D, Mattei JP, Ghattas B, Confort-Gouny S, Le Guern ME, Cozzone PJ. Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, France. Br J Sports Med. 2002 Aug;36(4):282-9. ↑

63. Oral L-citrulline supplementation enhances cycling time trial performance in healthy trained men: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled 2-way crossover study.

Suzuki T, Morita M, Kobayashi Y, Kamimura A. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016;13:6. doi:10.1186/s12970-016-0117-z.↑

64. Influence of oral beta-alanine and L-histidine supplementation on the carnosine content of the gluteus medius.

Dunnett M, Harris RC. Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK. Equine Vet J Suppl. 1999 Jul;(30):499-504. ↑

65. The biological role of carnosine and its possible applications in medicine.

Budzeń S, Rymaszewska J. Adv Clin Exp Med. 22(5):739-744.↑

66. beta-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters.

Derave W, Ozdemir MS, Harris RC, Pottier A, Reyngoudt H, Koppo K, Wise JA, Achten E. Dept. of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent Univ, Belgium. J Appl Physiol. 2007 Nov;103(5):1736-43. ↑

67. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women.

Stout JR, Cramer JT, Zoeller RF, Torok D, Costa P, Hoffman JR, Harris RC, O'Kroy J. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. Amino Acids. 2007;32(3):381-6. ↑

68. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): a double-blind randomized study.

Stout JR, Graves BS, Smith AE, Hartman MJ, Cramer JT, Beck TW, Harris RC. Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008 Nov 7;5:21. ↑

69. Short-duration beta-alanine supplementation increases training volume and reduces subjective feelings of fatigue in college football players.

Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Ross R, Kang J, Stout JR, Wise JA. Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA. Nutr Res. 2008 Jan;28(1):31-5. ↑

70. Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity.

Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, Harris BD, Sale C, Boobis LH, Kim CK, Wise JA. School of Sports, Exercise & Health Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):225-33. ↑

71. Effect of β-alanine plus sodium bicarbonate on high-intensity cycling capacity.

Sale C, Saunders B, Hudson S, Wise JA, Harris RC, Sunderland CD. Biomedical, Life and Health Sciences Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Oct;43(10):1972-8. ↑

72. Six weeks of high-intensity interval training with and without beta-alanine supplementation for improving cardiovascular fitness in women.

Walter AA, Smith AE, Kendall KL, Stout JR, Cramer JT. Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1199-207. ↑

73. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial.

Smith AE, Walter AA, Graef JL, Kendall KL, Moon JR, Lockwood CM, Fukuda DH, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JR. Metabolic and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009 Feb 11;6:5. ↑

74. Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis.

Hobson RM, Saunders B, Ball G, Harris RC, Sale C. Biomedical, Life and Health Sciences Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK. Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):25-37. ↑

75. Effects of β-alanine supplementation on performance and body composition in collegiate wrestlers and football players.

Kern BD, Robinson TL. Human Performance and Physical Education Department, Adams State College, Alamosa, Colorado, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Jul;25(7):1804-15. ↑

76. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial.

77. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women.

78. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): a double-blind randomized study.

79. Short-duration beta-alanine supplementation increases training volume and reduces subjective feelings of fatigue in college football players.

Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Ross R, Kang J, Stout JR, Wise JA. Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA. Nutr Res. 2008 Jan;28(1):31-5. ↑

80. The effect of two β-alanine dosing strategies on 30-minute rowing performance: a randomized, controlled trial.

Beasley L, Smith L, Antonio J, Gordon D, Johnstone J, Roberts J. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Dec 18;15(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0266-3. ↑

81. Acute supplementation with alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine augments growth hormone response to, and peak force production during, resistance exercise.

Ziegenfuss T, Landis J, Hofheins J. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008;5(Suppl 1):P15. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-S1-P15. ↑

82. Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

De Jesus Moreno Moreno M. Clin Ther. 2003;25(1):178-193. ↑

83. Glycerophosphocholine enhances growth hormone secretion and fat oxidation in young adults.

Kawamura T, Okubo T, Sato K, et al. Nutrition. 2012;28(11-12):1122-1126. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.02.011 ↑

84. Evaluation of the effects of two doses of alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine on physical and psychomotor performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.

Marcus L, Soileau J, Judge LW, Bellar D. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2017;14:39. doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0196-5. ↑

85. The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance, skeletal muscle oxygen saturation and associated biochemical parameters in resistance trained men.

Trepanowski JF, Farney TM, McCarthy CG, Schilling BK, Craig SA, Bloomer RJ. Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Dec;25(12):3461-71. ↑

86. Ergogenic effects of betaine supplementation on strength and power performance.

Lee EC, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ, Yamamoto LM, Hatfield DL, Bailey BL, Armstrong LE, Volek JS, McDermott BP, Craig SA. Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010 Jul 19;7:27. ↑

87. Artificial Sweeteners: History and New Concepts on Inflammation.

Basson AR, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Front Nutr. 2021;8:746247. Published 2021 Sep 24. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.746247.↑

88. Non-caloric artificial sweeteners and the microbiome: findings and challenges.

Suez J, Korem T, Zilberman-Schapira G, Segal E, Elinav E. Gut Microbes. 2015;6(2):149-155. doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1017700.↑

89. What made Canada become a country with the highest incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: could sucralose be the culprit?

Qin X. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;25(9):511. ↑

90. Artificial Sweeteners Negatively Regulate Pathogenic Characteristics of Two Model Gut Bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis.

Shil A, Chichger H. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(10):5228. Published 2021 May 15. doi:10.3390/ijms22105228.↑

91. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota.

Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, et al. Nature. 2014;514(7521):181-186. doi:10.1038/nature13793.↑

92. High-intensity sweetener consumption and gut microbiome content and predicted gene function in a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States.

Frankenfeld CL, Sikaroodi M, Lamb E, Shoemaker S, Gillevet PM. Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25(10):736-42.e4. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.06.083.↑

93. Steviol glycosides from Stevia: biosynthesis pathway review and their application in foods and medicine.

Yadav SK, Guleria P. CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012;52(11):988-98. ↑

94. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic and renal protective properties of Stevia rebaudiana.

Shivanna N, Naika M, Khanum F, Kaul VK. Department of Applied Nutrition, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India. J Diabetes Complications. 2013 Mar-Apr;27(2):103-13. ↑

95. Safety evaluation of certain food additives.

World Health Organization. WHO Press; 2006. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241660546_eng.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2019.↑

96. Effects of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) extract and N-nitro-L-arginine on renal function and ultrastructure of kidney cells in experimental type 2 Diabetes.

97. Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota.

Feng J, Cerniglia CE, Chen H. Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, AR , USA. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4:568-86. ↑

98. Artificial food dyes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Kanarek RB. Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA. Nutr Rev. 2011 Jul;69(7):385-91. ↑

99. Meta-analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction diet, and synthetic food color additives.

Nigg JT, Lewis K, Edinger T, Falk M. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;51(1):86-97.e8. ↑

100. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

101. Effect of food azo dye tartrazine on learning and memory functions in mice and rats, and the possible mechanisms involved.

Gao Y, Li C, Shen J, Yin H, An X, Jin H. Scientific and Technological College of Chemistry and Biology, Yantai Univ., Yantai, PR China. J Food Sci. 2011 Aug;76(6):T125-9. ↑

null.

Some stim-free pre-workouts are all-natural. Some contain the right mix of high-quality ingredients. Some provide clinically effective doses. But only Pulse checks each of these boxes.↑

null.

Pulse doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Pulse contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.↑

null.

Every serving of Pulse contains 14.4 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research.↑

null.

Every active ingredient in Pulse is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans.↑

null.

Stim-free Pulse contains no stimulants of any kind, so it won’t wind you up and burn you out.↑

null.

That’s 436 pages of scientific research that shows Pulse works the way we say it does.↑

null.

While these chemicals may not be as dangerous as some people claim, studies suggest that regular consumption of them may indeed be harmful to our health. And that’s why we don’t put any of them into our products.↑

null.

Every bottle of Pulse is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.↑

null.

This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Pulse—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.↑

null.

Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.↑

null. Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function (Articulo de revision).

Förstermann U, Sessa WC. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(7):829-837, 837a-837d. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr304.↑

null. Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS.

Zhao Y, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. J Pharmacol Sci. 2015;129(2):83-94. doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2015.09.002.↑

null. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.

Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Department of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1215-22. ↑

null. Acute citrulline malate supplementation improves upper- and lower-body submaximal weightlifting exercise performance in resistance-trained females.

Glenn JM, Gray M, Wethington LN, Stone MS, Stewart RW, Moyen NE. Eur J Nutr. 2017;56(2):775-784. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1124-6.↑

null. Acute citrulline-malate supplementation improves maximal strength and anaerobic power in female, masters athletes tennis players.

Glenn JM, Gray M, Jensen A, Stone MS, Vincenzo JL. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016;16(8):1095-1103. doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1158321.↑

null. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.

Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Department of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1215-22. ↑

null. Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle.

null. Oral L-citrulline supplementation enhances cycling time trial performance in healthy trained men: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled 2-way crossover study.

Suzuki T, Morita M, Kobayashi Y, Kamimura A. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016;13:6. doi:10.1186/s12970-016-0117-z.↑

null. Influence of oral beta-alanine and L-histidine supplementation on the carnosine content of the gluteus medius.

Dunnett M, Harris RC. Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK. Equine Vet J Suppl. 1999 Jul;(30):499-504. ↑

null. The biological role of carnosine and its possible applications in medicine.

Budzeń S, Rymaszewska J. Adv Clin Exp Med. 22(5):739-744.↑

null. beta-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters.

Derave W, Ozdemir MS, Harris RC, Pottier A, Reyngoudt H, Koppo K, Wise JA, Achten E. Dept. of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent Univ, Belgium. J Appl Physiol. 2007 Nov;103(5):1736-43. ↑

null. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women.

null. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): a double-blind randomized study.

null. Short-duration beta-alanine supplementation increases training volume and reduces subjective feelings of fatigue in college football players.

Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Ross R, Kang J, Stout JR, Wise JA. Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA. Nutr Res. 2008 Jan;28(1):31-5. ↑

null. Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity.

null. Effect of β-alanine plus sodium bicarbonate on high-intensity cycling capacity.

null. Six weeks of high-intensity interval training with and without beta-alanine supplementation for improving cardiovascular fitness in women.

null. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial.

null. Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis.

null. Effects of β-alanine supplementation on performance and body composition in collegiate wrestlers and football players.

Kern BD, Robinson TL. Human Performance and Physical Education Department, Adams State College, Alamosa, Colorado, USA. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Jul;25(7):1804-15. ↑

null. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial.

null. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women.

null. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): a double-blind randomized study.

null. Short-duration beta-alanine supplementation increases training volume and reduces subjective feelings of fatigue in college football players.

Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Ross R, Kang J, Stout JR, Wise JA. Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA. Nutr Res. 2008 Jan;28(1):31-5. ↑

null. The effect of two β-alanine dosing strategies on 30-minute rowing performance: a randomized, controlled trial.

Beasley L, Smith L, Antonio J, Gordon D, Johnstone J, Roberts J. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Dec 18;15(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0266-3. ↑

null. Acute supplementation with alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine augments growth hormone response to, and peak force production during, resistance exercise.

Ziegenfuss T, Landis J, Hofheins J. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008;5(Suppl 1):P15. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-S1-P15. ↑

null. Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

De Jesus Moreno Moreno M. Clin Ther. 2003;25(1):178-193. ↑

null. Glycerophosphocholine enhances growth hormone secretion and fat oxidation in young adults.

Kawamura T, Okubo T, Sato K, et al. Nutrition. 2012;28(11-12):1122-1126. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.02.011 ↑

null. Evaluation of the effects of two doses of alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine on physical and psychomotor performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.

Marcus L, Soileau J, Judge LW, Bellar D. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2017;14:39. doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0196-5. ↑

null. The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance, skeletal muscle oxygen saturation and associated biochemical parameters in resistance trained men.

null. Ergogenic effects of betaine supplementation on strength and power performance.

null. Artificial Sweeteners: History and New Concepts on Inflammation.

Basson AR, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Front Nutr. 2021;8:746247. Published 2021 Sep 24. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.746247.↑

null. Non-caloric artificial sweeteners and the microbiome: findings and challenges.

Suez J, Korem T, Zilberman-Schapira G, Segal E, Elinav E. Gut Microbes. 2015;6(2):149-155. doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1017700.↑

null. What made Canada become a country with the highest incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: could sucralose be the culprit?

Qin X. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;25(9):511. ↑

null. Artificial Sweeteners Negatively Regulate Pathogenic Characteristics of Two Model Gut Bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis.

Shil A, Chichger H. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(10):5228. Published 2021 May 15. doi:10.3390/ijms22105228.↑

null. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota.

Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, et al. Nature. 2014;514(7521):181-186. doi:10.1038/nature13793.↑

null. High-intensity sweetener consumption and gut microbiome content and predicted gene function in a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States.

Frankenfeld CL, Sikaroodi M, Lamb E, Shoemaker S, Gillevet PM. Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25(10):736-42.e4. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.06.083.↑

null. Steviol glycosides from Stevia: biosynthesis pathway review and their application in foods and medicine.

Yadav SK, Guleria P. CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012;52(11):988-98. ↑

null. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic and renal protective properties of Stevia rebaudiana.

Shivanna N, Naika M, Khanum F, Kaul VK. Department of Applied Nutrition, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India. J Diabetes Complications. 2013 Mar-Apr;27(2):103-13. ↑

null. Safety evaluation of certain food additives.

World Health Organization. WHO Press; 2006. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241660546_eng.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2019.↑

null. Effects of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) extract and N-nitro-L-arginine on renal function and ultrastructure of kidney cells in experimental type 2 Diabetes.

null. Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota.

Feng J, Cerniglia CE, Chen H. Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, AR , USA. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4:568-86. ↑

null. Artificial food dyes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Kanarek RB. Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA. Nutr Rev. 2011 Jul;69(7):385-91. ↑

null. Meta-analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction diet, and synthetic food color additives.

Nigg JT, Lewis K, Edinger T, Falk M. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;51(1):86-97.e8. ↑

null. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

null. Effect of food azo dye tartrazine on learning and memory functions in mice and rats, and the possible mechanisms involved.

Gao Y, Li C, Shen J, Yin H, An X, Jin H. Scientific and Technological College of Chemistry and Biology, Yantai Univ., Yantai, PR China. J Food Sci. 2011 Aug;76(6):T125-9. ↑

102.

Recharge doesn’t just “contain natural ingredients''—every ingredient is naturally sourced from plants and animals. Recharge contains no artificial or synthetic substances of any kind.↑

103.

Every serving of Recharge contains 7.1 grams of active ingredients that have been shown to be safe and effective in peer-reviewed scientific research.

104.

Each active ingredient in Recharge is backed by published scientific studies that show benefits in healthy humans.↑

105.

That’s 486 pages of scientific research that shows Recharge works exactly like we say it does.↑

106.

107.

Every bottle of Recharge is guaranteed to provide exactly what the label claims and nothing else—no heavy metals, microbes, allergens, or other contaminants.↑

108.

This means you know exactly what’s in every serving of Recharge—every dose of every ingredient—and can verify the accuracy and efficacy of the formulation.↑

109.

Before you buy a sports supplement, you should know that it's clean, safe, and transparent. And that's exactly what Labdoor's third-party testing and certification means.↑

110. Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition and performance: a meta-analysis.

Branch JD. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Jun;13(2):198-226. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.13.2.198. ↑

111. Effect of creatine and beta-alanine supplementation on performance and endocrine responses in strength/power athletes.

Hoffman J, Ratamess N, Kang J, Mangine G, Faigenbaum A, Stout J. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006 Aug;16(4):430-46. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.16.4.430. ↑

112. Effects of two and five days of creatine loading on muscular strength and anaerobic power in trained athletes.

Law YL, Ong WS, GillianYap TL, Lim SC, Von Chia E. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 May;23(3):906-14. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a06c59. ↑

113. Effects of creatine supplementation and resistance training on muscle strength and weightlifting performance.

Rawson ES, Volek JS. J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Nov;17(4):822-31. doi: 10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0822:eocsar>2.0.co;2. ↑

114. Effect of creatine phosphate supplementation on anaerobic working capacity and body weight after two and six days of loading in men and women.

Eckerson JM, Stout JR, Moore GA, Stone NJ, Iwan KA, Gebauer AN, Ginsberg R. J Strength Cond Res. 2005 Nov;19(4):756-63. doi: 10.1519/R-16924.1. ↑

115. Combined creatine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation enhances interval swimming.

Mero AA, Keskinen KL, Malvela MT, Sallinen JM. J Strength Cond Res. 2004 May;18(2):306-10. doi: 10.1519/R-12912.1. ↑

116. Effect of two and five days of creatine loading on anaerobic working capacity in women.

Eckerson JM, Stout JR, Moore GA, Stone NJ, Nishimura K, Tamura K. J Strength Cond Res. 2004 Feb;18(1):168-73. doi: 10.1519/1533-4287(2004)018<0168:eotafd>2.0.co;2. ↑

117. Effects of high dose oral creatine supplementation on anaerobic capacity of elite wrestlers.

Koçak S, Karli U. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2003 Dec;43(4):488-92. ↑

118. Effects of four weeks of high-intensity interval training and creatine supplementation on critical power and anaerobic working capacity in college-aged men.

Kendall KL, Smith AE, Graef JL, Fukuda DH, Moon JR, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JR. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Sep;23(6):1663-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b1fd1f. ↑

119. The effects of creatine loading and gender on anaerobic running capacity.

Fukuda DH, Smith AE, Kendall KL, Dwyer TR, Kerksick CM, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JR. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Jul;24(7):1826-33. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e06d0e. ↑

120. Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on markers of skeletal muscle damage after strenuous contractile activity.

Bassit RA, Pinheiro CH, Vitzel KF, Sproesser AJ, Silveira LR, Curi R. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Mar;108(5):945-55. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1305-1. Epub 2009 Dec 3. ↑

121. The effect of creatine supplementation upon inflammatory and muscle soreness markers after a 30km race.

Santos RV, Bassit RA, Caperuto EC, Costa Rosa LF. Life Sci. 2004 Sep 3;75(16):1917-24. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.11.036. ↑

122. Muscle glycogen supercompensation is enhanced by prior creatine supplementation.

Nelson AG, Arnall DA, Kokkonen J, Day R, Evans J. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Jul;33(7):1096-100. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200107000-00005. ↑

123. Creatine supplementation affects muscle creatine during energy restriction.

Rockwell JA, Rankin JW, Toderico B. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Jan;33(1):61-8. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200101000-00011. ↑

124. Adverse effects of creatine supplementation: fact or fiction?

Poortmans JR, Francaux M. Sports Med. 2000 Sep;30(3):155-70. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200030030-00002. ↑

125. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable. The physiological and health effects of oral creatine supplementation.

Terjung RL, Clarkson P, Eichner ER, Greenhaff PL, Hespel PJ, Israel RG, Kraemer WJ, Meyer RA, Spriet LL, Tarnopolsky MA, Wagenmakers AJ, Williams MH. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Mar;32(3):706-17. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200003000-00024. ↑

126. Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function.

Yoshizumi WM, Tsourounis C. J Herb Pharmacother. 2004;4(1):1-7. ↑

127. Is the use of oral creatine supplementation safe?

Bizzarini E, De Angelis L. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2004 Dec;44(4):411-6. ↑

128. Few adverse effects of long-term creatine supplementation in a placebo-controlled trial.

Groeneveld GJ, Beijer C, Veldink JH, Kalmijn S, Wokke JH, van den Berg LH. Int J Sports Med. 2005 May;26(4):307-13. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-817917. ↑

129. Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: recent findings.

Bemben MG, Lamont HS. Sports Med. 2005;35(2):107-25. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200535020-00002. ↑

130. L-carnitine--metabolic functions and meaning in humans life.

Pekala J, Patkowska-Sokoła B, Bodkowski R, Jamroz D, Nowakowski P, Lochyński S, Librowski T. Curr Drug Metab. 2011 Sep;12(7):667-78. doi: 10.2174/138920011796504536. ↑

131. Pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine.

Evans AM, Fornasini G. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003;42(11):941-67. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200342110-00002. ↑

132. Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans.

Wall BT, Stephens FB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Marimuthu K, Macdonald IA, Greenhaff PL. J Physiol. 2011 Feb 15;589(Pt 4):963-73. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201343. Epub 2011 Jan 4. ↑

133. The effects of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance exercise and recovery.

Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, French DN, Rubin MR, Sharman MJ, Gómez AL, Ratamess NA, Newton RU, Jemiolo B, Craig BW, Häkkinen K. J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Aug;17(3):455-62. doi: 10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0455:teolls>2.0.co;2. ↑

134. L-Carnitine L-tartrate supplementation favorably affects markers of recovery from exercise stress.

Volek JS, Kraemer WJ, Rubin MR, Gómez AL, Ratamess NA, Gaynor P. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb;282(2):E474-82. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00277.2001. ↑

135. l-Carnitine l-tartrate supplementation favorably affects biochemical markers of recovery from physical exertion in middle-aged men and women.

Ho JY, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, Fragala MS, Thomas GA, Dunn-Lewis C, Coday M, Häkkinen K, Maresh CM. Metabolism. 2010 Aug;59(8):1190-9. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.11.012. ↑

136. l-Carnitine l-tartrate supplementation favorably affects biochemical markers of recovery from physical exertion in middle-aged men and women.

Ho JY, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, Fragala MS, Thomas GA, Dunn-Lewis C, Coday M, Häkkinen K, Maresh CM. Metabolism. 2010 Aug;59(8):1190-9. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.11.012. ↑

137. Effects of oral L-carnitine supplementation on insulin sensitivity indices in response to glucose feeding in lean and overweight/obese males.

Galloway SD, Craig TP, Cleland SJ. Amino Acids. 2011 Jul;41(2):507-15. doi: 10.1007/s00726-010-0770-5. ↑

138. Responses of criterion variables to different supplemental doses of L-carnitine L-tartrate.

Spiering BA, Kraemer WJ, Vingren JL, Hatfield DL, Fragala MS, Ho JY, Maresh CM, Anderson JM, Volek JS. J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Feb;21(1):259-64. doi: 10.1519/00124278-200702000-00046. ↑

139. Effect of corosolic acid on postchallenge plasma glucose levels.

Fukushima M, Matsuyama F, Ueda N, Egawa K, Takemoto J, Kajimoto Y, Yonaha N, Miura T, Kaneko T, Nishi Y, Mitsui R, Fujita Y, Yamada Y, Seino Y. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006 Aug;73(2):174-7. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.01.010. ↑

140. Effect of corosolic acid on postchallenge plasma glucose levels.

141. Artificial Sweeteners: History and New Concepts on Inflammation.

Basson AR, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Front Nutr. 2021;8:746247. Published 2021 Sep 24. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.746247.↑

142. Non-caloric artificial sweeteners and the microbiome: findings and challenges.

Suez J, Korem T, Zilberman-Schapira G, Segal E, Elinav E. Gut Microbes. 2015;6(2):149-155. doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1017700.↑

143. What made Canada become a country with the highest incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: could sucralose be the culprit?

Qin X. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;25(9):511. ↑

144. Artificial Sweeteners Negatively Regulate Pathogenic Characteristics of Two Model Gut Bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis.

Shil A, Chichger H. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(10):5228. Published 2021 May 15. doi:10.3390/ijms22105228.↑

145. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota.

Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, et al. Nature. 2014;514(7521):181-186. doi:10.1038/nature13793.↑

146. High-intensity sweetener consumption and gut microbiome content and predicted gene function in a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States.

Frankenfeld CL, Sikaroodi M, Lamb E, Shoemaker S, Gillevet PM. Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25(10):736-42.e4. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.06.083.↑

147. Steviol glycosides from Stevia: biosynthesis pathway review and their application in foods and medicine.

Yadav SK, Guleria P. CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012;52(11):988-98. ↑

148. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic and renal protective properties of Stevia rebaudiana.

Shivanna N, Naika M, Khanum F, Kaul VK. Department of Applied Nutrition, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India. J Diabetes Complications. 2013 Mar-Apr;27(2):103-13. ↑

149. Safety evaluation of certain food additives.

World Health Organization. WHO Press; 2006. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241660546_eng.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2019. ↑

150. Effects of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) extract and N-nitro-L-arginine on renal function and ultrastructure of kidney cells in experimental type 2 Diabetes.

151. Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota.

Feng J, Cerniglia CE, Chen H. Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, AR , USA. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4:568-86. ↑

152. Artificial food dyes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Kanarek RB. Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA. Nutr Rev. 2011 Jul;69(7):385-91. ↑

153. Meta-analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction diet, and synthetic food color additives.

Nigg JT, Lewis K, Edinger T, Falk M. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;51(1):86-97.e8. ↑

154. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

155. Effect of food azo dye tartrazine on learning and memory functions in mice and rats, and the possible mechanisms involved.

Gao Y, Li C, Shen J, Yin H, An X, Jin H. Scientific and Technological College of Chemistry and Biology, Yantai Univ., Yantai, PR China. J Food Sci. 2011 Aug;76(6):T125-9. ↑

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